Development of the Norwegian Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (NSF-MPQ)

Abstract

The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) contains 15 pain descriptors (11 Sensory, four Affective). The aim was to develop a valid Norwegian SF-MPQ (NSF-MPQ). Descriptors were selected among 333 previously collected Norwegian pain adjectives, selection criteria being conceptual equivalence to the SF-MPQ and adjectives used by 33%. Pain intensity scoring systems of the SF-MPQ were modelled. The NSF-MPQ, a pain drawing and the Disability Rating Index were presented to 277 patients from five different clinical settings. All pain descriptors were used by ]33% in at least one of the five clinical groups, patients with persistent pain using most descriptors. Cronbach's a was adequately high (0.74Á 0.87). Spearman rank (r) correlations were moderate to very high between groups of pain descriptors (0.68Á0.97). Pain descriptor scores showed low to moderate correlations with the two pain intensity variables (VAS and Present Pain Intensity) (0.27Á0.52). All scores showed low correlations with pain area extension (0.20Á0.45) and disability (0.05Á0.30), indicating construct validity of the NSF-MPQ. The NSF-MPQ discriminated between two or more patient groups on item level, but discriminative ability on total score and subscore levels was mediocre. The NSF-MPQ seems to express a different construct than pain distribution and disability, and allows registration of distinctions of pain qualities.

Systematic review of cross-cultural adaptations of McGill Pain Questionnaire reveals a paucity of clinimetric testing

“…From the two new short-form versions, just one preserved the original number of descriptors [25]. Table 4 describes the procedures used to develop the 29 different versions of the MPQ (15 long form, 14 short form) that used a translation-based approach.…”

“…From the 53 eligible studies, 44 different versions of the MPQ were identified (there is more than one study reporting the clinimetric testing of the Spanish [14], Japanese [21], Dutch [22], Czech [23], Greek [24], and Norwegian [25] versions). The 44 versions represent 26 different language/ cultures as there are multiple versions for the same language (4 Dutch, 4 German (being one in German-Berne [15]), 4 Norwegian, 3 Greek, 2 Brazilian-Portuguese, 2 Danish, 2 Italian, 2 Chinese, 2 Korean, 2 Turkish, 2 Japanese, and 2 Spanish versions (being one developed for Mexican-Americans [26] and another developed in Spain [14] and tested in Argentina, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Spain [27]).…”

“…Only six versions received positive rating for construct validity (three long form and three short form), three for reproducibility (all short forms), one for internal consistency (German long form [35]), one for responsiveness (Korean short form [10]), and none for ceiling/floor effects. The versions with the most complete clinimetric testing were the long-form German [35] and Japanese [21,36,37] versions and the short form of the Turkish [9], Swedish [31], and Norwegian [25,34] versions.…”

Results from the translation and adaptation of the Iranian Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (I-SF-MPQ): preliminary evidence of its reliability, construct validity and sensitivity in an Iranian pain population

“…The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency (IC) was 0.951, 0.832 and 0.840 for sensory, affective and total scores respectively, demonstrating higher than [2] or similar IC estimate to other translated versions [23-26]. The test-retest reliability was excellent; for sensory 0.906, affective 0.712 and total 0.912, which was comparable with other versions [2,23-25].…”

Development of Labeled Magnitude Scales for the Assessment of Pain of Dentin Hypersensitivity

“…In doing so, the scales fail to take into account other aspects of clinical pain. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), in contrast, is the most comprehensive pain assessment in frequent use 19 [12, 13]. This questionnaire consists of four major classes of terms used to describe pain: Sensory, Affective, Evaluative, and Miscellaneous.…”