Development of the normal XY male and sex‐reversed XX<i>Sxr</i> pseudomale mouse epididymis

Lebarr, Deborah K.; Blecher, Stan R.; Moger, William H.

doi:10.1002/mrd.1080280103

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In XXSxr mice, LeBarr et al (1991) could find no "pre-initial segment" from which the initial segment normally develops in littermate controls. As the epididymal tubule increases in length at the same time that it differentiates, development from a pre-existing epithelium is difficult to distinguish from that of a newly emerging epithelium in tissue sections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LeBarr et al (1991) have failed to find, on day 21, the taller epithelial cells found in the caput of chromosomally normal littermate controls and have concluded that the "pre-initial segment" is absent from the chromosomal mutants. In the c-ros knockout model, Sonnenberg-Riethmacher et al (1996) remark merely that the efferent ducts are connected to what appears to be the "distal tubule" of the heterozygous males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…LeBarr et al (1991) have demonstrated that the lateral caput lobe differentiates between days 10 and 25, that the "precursor of the initial segment" (in the ventrocentral lobe) becomes identifiable between days 21 and 25 and that the initial segment (region I) and dorsocentral lobe (region II) both differentiate on day 22. By contrast, Abou-Haila and Fain-Maurel (1985) have only been able to demonstrate differentiation of the proximal part (caput) by post-natal week 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Development of the caput epididymidis studied by expressed proteins (a glutamate transporter, a lipocalin and ?-galactosidase) in the c-ros knockout and wild-type mice with prepubertally ligated efferent ducts

Avram¹,

Cooper²

2004

Cell Tissue Res

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Expression of a glutamate transporter (EAAC1), a lipocalin (MEP17) and beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) in histological sections was used to monitor post-natal development of the murine epididymis. Three epithelia in the adult caput of wild-type mice were distinguished: I, the initial segment; II, the proximal caput; and III, the distal caput. The regions in which epithelia I, II and III were situated were called regions I, II and III, respectively. Regions I, II and III developed from a precursor epithelium present on day 14; from day 16, a presumptive region I epithelium was evident and, by day 21, epithelia characteristic of future regions II and III appeared. The relationship between the c-ros gene and the initial segment was studied by investigating the development of the caput epididymidis in transgenic homozygous c-ros knockout (-/-) mice that lack the initial segment, heterozygous (+/-) males and wild-type males in which the efferent ducts had been ligated prepubertally so that the initial segment failed to develop. In mice with prepubertally ligated efferent ducts, regions II and III developed normally but region I was missing in the adult and expression of c-ros was partially decreased. In (-/-) mice, the precursor epithelium was present, differentiation of epithelium II was delayed until day 32 and epithelium I never developed. Thus, caput region I develops before c-ros expression, high testosterone secretion and differentiation of regions II and III but not if the organ is deprived of the oncogene c-ros or testicular exocrine secretions. The caput of the knockout male lacks solely the initial segment so that the efferent ducts are in continuity with the post-initial segment, proximal caput region. The ligand for c-ros may be present in testicular fluid and both ligand and receptor may be necessary for differentiation of epithelia I and II.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Development of the caput epididymidis studied by expressed proteins (a glutamate transporter, a lipocalin and ?-galactosidase) in the c-ros knockout and wild-type mice with prepubertally ligated efferent ducts

Avram¹,

Cooper²

2004

Cell Tissue Res

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“…The mice used were from an Sxr-congenic line of the inbred strain DCH (Kirkeby & Blecher, 1981;Wilkinson et a/., 1988;Le Barr, Blecher & Moger, 1991). The animals were housed according to guidelines…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant anogenital distance in XXSxv (‘sex‐reversed’) pseudomale mice

Atkinson

Blecher

1994

Journal of Zoology

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With 1 plate in the text) Anogenital distance (AGD). a sex differentiation marker in mice (Mus musculus), is thought to be a secondary sexual trait exclusively regulated by androgens during development. However, recent studies suggest that some so-called secondary sexual traits may be influenced by sexchromosomal genotype. To explore this question further we studied the AGD of the X X S x r 'sexreversed' mouse, which has adequate androgens for masculinization.The AGDs of adult and prepubertal X Y , X Y S x r carrier, X X S x r 'sex-reversed' and X X mice were measured. We found that adult X X S x r 'sex-reversed' mice (which we refer to as pseudomales) and X Y S x r carriers have shorter mean AGDs than their X Y siblings. Prepubertal X X S x r animals also have shorter mean AGDs than their XY siblings when AGD is expressed as a proportion of body length. X X adult and prepubertal mice have significantly shorter AGDs than the other genotypes at similar stages of development. The differences in AGD between adult and prepubertal X Y and X X S x r sibs, and adult X Y and X Y S x r sibs, reported here, do not appear to be due to androgen levels, since adult testicular and serum testosterone levels are higher in pseudomales and carriers than in X Y mice, and fetal pseudomale androgen levels also appear to be at least as high as those of normal males. Furthermore, the AGD differences between genotypes are not correlated to differences in testis size. We conclude that the differences are likely to be due to a tissue specific effect of the genetic constitution of the individuals, as is the case with scrota1 development in the marsupial Mucropus vugenii (the tammar wallaby).

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“…The reason for the effect of Ta seen in the Northerns is not known. However, a t least some effects of the Ta gene are known to be reversible by epidermal growth factor (EGF) [Blecher et al, 1991;Kapalanga and Blecher, 19901, and EGF is known to influence development of the male reproductive tract [Gupta et al, 19911. We have observed other effects of Ta on gene expression in the mouse epididymis; these findings will be reported elsewhere [J. Griffin, P. Mastrangelo, T. Seibert, and S.R.…”

Section: Northern Analysis Indicates a Marked Reduction Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zfy is transcribed in the normal mouse epididymis and in the XXSxr (“sex reversed”) testis

1994

Self Cite

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The presence of the mutation Sex reversed (Sxr), a copy of a Y-chromosomal segment that gets transferred to an X chromosome, causes the resulting XXSxr mice to develop as apparent males. However, several features of male sexual development are abnormal in these animals. The testes are small and aspermatogenic, and the epididymides lack the initial segment. Testes and epididymides show abnormalities of extracellular matrix. In this study we examined transcription of the conserved Y chromosomal gene Zfy, which has an X-chromosomal homologue (Zfx). Northern blotting showed Zfy to be expressed in the testes of XXSxr animals, except for those that carry the coat-marker gene Tabby (Ta), despite the lack of germ cells in XXSxr mice. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies detected Zfy in mRNA in testes even when Ta was present. RT-PCR also demonstrated Zfy transcription in epididymides of normal males, though not in XXSxr mice. Previous authors reported an absence of Zfy transcription in XXSxr testes; Zfy transcription in normal testes has been ascribed to germ cells. Our observation indicates that this idea requires re-evaluation. The occurrence of Zfy transcription in the normal epididymis is similarly a novel finding that may help explain those aspects of epididymal development that occur in the absence of androgen.

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Development of the normal XY male and sex‐reversed XXSxr pseudomale mouse epididymis

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Development of the caput epididymidis studied by expressed proteins (a glutamate transporter, a lipocalin and ?-galactosidase) in the c-ros knockout and wild-type mice with prepubertally ligated efferent ducts

Development of the caput epididymidis studied by expressed proteins (a glutamate transporter, a lipocalin and ?-galactosidase) in the c-ros knockout and wild-type mice with prepubertally ligated efferent ducts

Aberrant anogenital distance in XXSxv (‘sex‐reversed’) pseudomale mice

Zfy is transcribed in the normal mouse epididymis and in the XXSxr (“sex reversed”) testis

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