Development of the Innervation Pattern in the Upper Limb of Staged Human Embryos

Shinohara, Haruo; Naora, Hiroyuki; Hashimoto, Ryuju; Hatta, Toshihisa; Tanaka, Osamu

doi:10.1159/000146950

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, observations of in situ human embryos, where spontaneous movements can be monitored in unanaesthetized mothers using ultrasound scanners, appear to provide evidence that the results with in vitro and in situ mammalian embryos are consistent. Spontaneous movements of human embryos were observed at 7 weeks postmenstrual age (Goto & Kato, 1983;de Vries et al, 1986), at Carnegie stages 16±17 (Butler & Juurlink, 1987), when the cranio-rump length was 10±11 mm, and when spinal nerves entered the hand plate (Shinohara et al, 1990). These stages of human embryos are similar to those of mouse embryos at E12.5, when the Carnegie stage is 17±19 and the cranio-rump length is 8±10 mm.…”

Section: Common Nature and Signi®cance Of Embryonic Movements Among Hmentioning

confidence: 92%

Highly reproducible spatiotemporal patterns of mammalian embryonic movements at the developmental stage of the earliest spontaneous motility

Suzue

Shinoda

1999

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The principles underlying the variations in patterns of mammalian embryonic movements have not been established. In an attempt to clarify the mechanism that is responsible for the variations in motor patterns, we carried out a precise quantitative spatiotemporal analysis of movements in mouse embryos, using a transplacental perfusion method for the in vitro maintenance of live mammalian embryos. Episodes of spontaneous movements at the inception of motility, at embryonic day 12.5, occurred once every few minutes, lasted for several seconds and consisted of successive movements of body regions, the spatiotemporal patterns of which varied from episode to episode. By analysing and categorizing the patterns of these movements, we found that embryonic movements follow relatively few restricted patterns with respect to the order of the movements of body regions. A further analysis of episodes at high spatiotemporal resolution revealed that most of the episodes in a major category could be classified into two distinct subtypes. Each of these subtypes had its own highly reproducible spatiotemporal patterns of movement. Overall, these results show that early embryonic movements follow relatively few rather stereotyped patterns, and random local fluctuations have little effect on such movement patterns. The appearance of one pattern out of several rather stereotyped patterns may be the main cause of apparent variations in patterns of early embryonic movements. The stereotyped patterns may represent important orderly characteristics of spontaneous embryonic activities that may be involved in the development of orderly structures and functions in higher animals.

show abstract

Section: Common Nature and Signi®cance Of Embryonic Movements Among Hmentioning

confidence: 92%

Highly reproducible spatiotemporal patterns of mammalian embryonic movements at the developmental stage of the earliest spontaneous motility

Suzue

Shinoda

1999

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Embryologically, this fusion may be explained as failure in the differentiation of the brachial plexus, as in early developmental stages all the spinal nerves unite to form a single neural plate (Shinohara et al, 1990). This failure in development has been associated with variations in the anatomy of local muscle groups (Kosugi et al, 1992).…”

Section: Fig 2 Fusion Of the Median (M) And Musculocutaneous (Mc) Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of connections between the musculocutaneous and median nerves in the axilla and arm

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Variations in connections between the musculocutaneous and median nerves in the arm are not as uncommon as was once thought. This opinion led us to perform a study in 138 cadavers (66 male, 72 female). These variations were seen in 64 cadavers (46.4%), 9 bilaterally and 55 unilaterally (26 right and 29 left); in total, therefore, variations were observed in 73 out of 276 arms (26.4%), 42 male and 31 female. No statistically significant differences by gender and side were observed. We classify the variations in three main patterns: Pattern 1, fusion of both nerves (14 arms, 19.2%); Pattern 2, presence of one supplementary branch between both nerves (53 arms, 72.6%); and Pattern 3, two branches (5 arms, 6.8%). Pattern 2 was further subdivided into a sub-group 2a when a single root from the musculocutaneous nerve contributed to the connection (51 arms, 69.9%), and 2b when there were two roots from the musculocutaneous nerve (2 arms, 2.7%). A combination of Patterns 1 and 2a was observed in one case (1.4%). Further variations are described, published classification systems are reviewed and a meta-analysis of previous results is presented. An overall incidence of 33% of variant arms was observed. Of these variant arms, Pattern 1 represented 13.1%, Pattern 2 represented 75.4%, and Pattern 3, 8.5%, similar to our figures.

show abstract

“…(2009) described this latter event in stage 16. The median nerve, the radial ( nervus radialis ) and the ulnar ( nervus ulnaris ) nerves enter into the hand plate (Shinohara et al. 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and morphogenesis of human wrist joint during embryonic and early fetal period

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of the human wrist joint has been studied widely, with the main focus on carpal chondrogenesis, ligaments and triangular fibrocartilage. However, there are some discrepancies concerning the origin and morphogenetic time-table of these structures, including nerves, muscles and vascular elements. For this study we used serial sections of 57 human embryonic (n = 30) and fetal (n = 27) specimens from O'Rahilly stages 17-23 and 9-14 weeks, respectively. The following phases in carpal morphogenesis have been established: undifferentiated mesenchyme (stage 17), condensated mesenchyme (stages 18 and 19), pre-chondrogenic (stages 19 and 20) and chondrogenic (stages 21 and over). Carpal chondrification and osteogenic processes are similar, starting with capitate and hamate (stage 19) and ending with pisiform (stage 22). In week 14, a vascular bud penetrates into the lunate cartilaginous mold, early sign of the osteogenic process that will be completed after birth. In stage 18, median, ulnar and radial nerves and thenar eminence appear in the hand plate. In stage 21, there are indications of the interosseous muscles, and in stage 22 flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus and lumbrical muscles, transverse carpal ligament and collateral ligaments emerge. In stage 23, the articular disc, radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments and deep palmar arterial arch become visible. Radiate carpal and interosseous ligaments appear in week 9, and in week 10, dorsal radiocarpal ligament and articular capsule are evident. Finally, synovial membrane is observed in week 13. We have performed a complete analysis of the morphogenesis of the structures of the human wrist joint. Our results present new data on nervous and arterial elements and provide the basis for further investigations on anatomical pathology, comparative morphology and evolutionary anthropology.

show abstract

Development of the Innervation Pattern in the Upper Limb of Staged Human Embryos

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Highly reproducible spatiotemporal patterns of mammalian embryonic movements at the developmental stage of the earliest spontaneous motility

Highly reproducible spatiotemporal patterns of mammalian embryonic movements at the developmental stage of the earliest spontaneous motility

Patterns of connections between the musculocutaneous and median nerves in the axilla and arm

Development and morphogenesis of human wrist joint during embryonic and early fetal period

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About