Development of the hybrid sulfur cycle for use with concentrated solar heat. I. Conceptual design

Gorensek, Maximilian B.; Corgnale, Claudio; Summers, William A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.241

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, phosphoric acid-doped PBI membranes have demonstrated great thermal and chemical stability up to temperatures of 200 • C [17]. Therefore, PBI-based membranes will be tested in this application at temperatures higher than 100 • C, as these high temperatures will lead to higher overall efficiencies in the hybrid sulfur cycle [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

et al. 2022

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In this work, polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with different graphene oxide (GO) contents (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt %) as organic filler have been prepared. The X-ray diffraction confirms the incorporation of the filler into the polymeric membrane. The composite GO-based PBI membranes show better proton conductivity at high temperature (110–170 °C) than the pristine one. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of the PBI membranes is also improved, enhancing water management. The chemical stability demonstrates the benefit of the incorporation of GO in the PBI matrix. What is more, the composite PBI-based membranes show better phosphoric acid retention capability. For the first time, the results of the SO2-depolarized electrolysis for hydrogen production at high temperature (130 °C) using phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with the different GO contents are shown. The benefit of the organic filler is demonstrated, as H2SO4 production is 1.5 times higher when the membrane with a content of 1 wt % of GO is used. Moreover, three times more hydrogen is produced with the membrane containing 2 wt % of GO compared with the non-modified membrane. The obtained results are very promising and provide open research for this kind of composite membranes for green hydrogen production by the Westinghouse cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

et al. 2022

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“…They reported that the electric input was about 20% of the thermochemical stage input. The overall efficiency of the thermochemical cycle has been reported to be in the range of 30-40% based on the hydrogen LHV [156,157]. Bilgen [158] formulated the thermal efficiency process as follows:…”

Section: Sulfur Ammonia Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Recent Progress in the Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes

2022

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The thermochemical water-splitting method is a promising technology for efficiently converting renewable thermal energy sources into green hydrogen. This technique is primarily based on recirculating an active material, capable of experiencing multiple reduction-oxidation (redox) steps through an integrated cycle to convert water into separate streams of hydrogen and oxygen. The thermochemical cycles are divided into two main categories according to their operating temperatures, namely low-temperature cycles (<1100 °C) and high-temperature cycles (<1100 °C). The copper chlorine cycle offers relatively higher efficiency and lower costs for hydrogen production among the low-temperature processes. In contrast, the zinc oxide and ferrite cycles show great potential for developing large-scale high-temperature cycles. Although, several challenges, such as energy storage capacity, durability, cost-effectiveness, etc., should be addressed before scaling up these technologies into commercial plants for hydrogen production. This review critically examines various aspects of the most promising thermochemical water-splitting cycles, with a particular focus on their capabilities to produce green hydrogen with high performance, redox pairs stability, and the technology maturity and readiness for commercial use.

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“…In addition to water as the sole consumed reactant, one or more materials actively participate in the process without being “net” consumed. Many sequences of reactions have been proposed like volatile metal oxide cycles (e.g., Zn/ZnO cycle − or SnO 2 /SnO cycle), phase change stoichiometric oxides (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 /FeO cycle , or metal-substituted ferrites cycles − ) or multistep cycles (e.g., hybrid sulfur cycle − or manganese oxide-based cycle − ). However, currently two-step redox active off-stoichiometric metal oxide (MO x ) thermochemical cycles garner most of the ongoing research efforts among the thermochemical water-splitting cycles, either with cerium-based oxides − or perovskites. − The metal oxide cycles involve only two reactions (one per each step) based on a redox swing between an oxidized and reduced form of a candidate material, MO x , for which the metal ion (M) can assume multiple oxidation states and the oxygen stoichiometry can vary continuously …”

Section: General Operating Principles Of Photoelectrochemical and Sol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen from Sunlight and Water: A Side-by-Side Comparison between Photoelectrochemical and Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting

et al. 2021

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) and solar thermochemical (STCH) water-splitting represent two promising pathways for direct solar hydrogen generation. PEC water-splitting integrates multiple functional materials and utilizes energetic electrons and holes generated from sunlight to produce hydrogen and oxygen in two half-reactions, while STCH water-splitting couples a series of consecutive chemical reactions and uses absorbed heat from sunlight to generate hydrogen and oxygen in two full reactions. In this Focus Review, the basic operating principles, sunlight utilization, device architecture, reactor design, instantaneous and annually averaged solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency, and the operating conditions and constraints of both pathways are compared. A side-by-side comparison addresses some common sources of confusion and misinterpretation, especially in the evaluation of STH conversion efficiencies, and reveals distinct features and challenges in both PEC and STCH technologies. This Focus Review also addresses materials and device challenges in PEC and STCH for cost-competitive hydrogen generation.

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Development of the hybrid sulfur cycle for use with concentrated solar heat. I. Conceptual design

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

Characterization of PBI/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for the SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis at High Temperature

A Review on Recent Progress in the Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes

Hydrogen from Sunlight and Water: A Side-by-Side Comparison between Photoelectrochemical and Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting

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