Development of the human insular cortex: differentiation, proliferation, cell death, and appearance of 5HT-2A receptors

Wai, Maria Sen Mun; Shi, Chun; Kwong, Wing Hang; Zhang, Lihong; Lam, Wai Ping; Yew, David T.

doi:10.1007/s00418-008-0497-5

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Studies on the development of the human cortex suggest that the insula is the first cortical structure to develop in the fetus. 38 The process of cortical development begins in the 6th week of fetal life in an inferior cortical region. This region will later fold to become the limen insula.…”

Section: Developmental Anatomy Of the Insulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas

Kalani

Gwinn

et al. 2009

FOC

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The human insular cortex, or the lobus insularis, is considered the developmentally most primitive lobe of the telencephalon. Covered by an overlying cortical lid, the insula has functions that are distinct from yet related to those of the adjacent temporal lobe and deep limbic structures. In the first part of this paper the authors outline the development of the human insula, including the cellular heterogeneity comprising the various parts of the insular lobe. Using the understanding gained from the development of the insula they then address implications of insular development for cortical development and connection as well as for tumorigenesis and tumor spread from the insula to other cortical structures, most notably the temporal lobe. An understanding of cortico-insular development and interconnection allows for both a better understanding of insular pathology and also facilitates planning of resection of cortico-insular gliomas to avoid damage to eloquent structures.

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Section: Developmental Anatomy Of the Insulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas

Kalani

Gwinn

et al. 2009

FOC

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“…5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors are of interest in the pathology of several psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression (Kroeze et al 2002;Raote et al 2007;Saxena 1995). 5-HT2A receptors are present in many regions of the human cortex (Lorke et al 2006;Wai et al 2008). Both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors have been associated with symptoms and cognitive disturbances in a wide range of psychoses, including schizophrenia (Sumiyoshi et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Localization of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A positive cells in the brainstems of control age-matched and Alzheimer individuals

Yeung

Kung

Yew

2010

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Serotonin receptor 1A and 2A positive cells in postmortem brainstems were demonstrated via immunohistochemistry in eight control age-matched elderly individuals and eight Alzheimer patients. The 5-HT1A positive cells were found in substantia nigra, pontile nucleus, and vagal as well as dorsal raphe nucleus, while 5-HT2A receptor positive cells were found in motor, sensory and spinal trigeminal nuclei, pontile nucleus, substantia nigra, and nucleus solitarius. A comparison in density of positive cells per unit area was made between control age-matched and Alzheimer individuals. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) in density were observed in 5-HT1A cells in pontile, dorsal raphe, and vagal nuclei between control age-matched and Alzheimer, and in 5-HT2A positive cells in the sensory trigeminal nucleus, between control and Alzheimer. This de novo study indicated the presence of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor positive cells in the above nuclei of human brainstem and revealed differences in density between control age-matched and Alzheimer, indicating possible functional derangements in Alzheimer patients in these areas. In addition, colocalization studies indicated that 5-HT1A receptors were in cholinergic cells and gamma-aminobutyric acid positive fibers were linked to 5-HT2A receptor positive cells. It is hoped that understanding these two important 5-HT receptors and their localization might lead to advances in future therapeutic development.

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“…If widespread abnormalities are present, this might reflect a deviation of the neurodevelopmental processes that produce gyrification; abnormalities confined to specific pathways might indicate a more focal defect that affects regions that are mutually connected. In particular, the insula is a region of specific interest while investigating cortical folding in patients with schizophrenia, not only owing to its relevance to the illness, 16 but also because it has been shown to be one of the earliest brain regions where gyrification occurs, [17][18][19] with an accelerated growth rate compared to the surrounding cortical plate during fetal development. 20 The search for the brain region with the most prominent gyrification defect in patients with schizophrenia is hampered by several methodological issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

Palaniyappan

Liddle

2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

114

103

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IntroductionSchizophrenia is regarded as a disorder of connectivity associated with neurodevelopmental abnormality.1 Despite accumulating evidence for disturbances in functional connectivity, 2 it is unclear how these findings are related to defective cortical development.Developmental aberrations can affect several characteristic anatomic features of the grey matter surface. Cortical development is constrained by the need to develop a cost-efficient wiring scheme wherein signal transmission is quick and effective 3 and by the limitations on the total brain size partly to facilitate parturition. 4,5 This is facilitated by a substantial expansion of surface area along with a high degree of cortical folding despite a relatively minor gain in cortical thickness during evolutionary development. 6 This remarkable dissociation between thickness and surface area persists in adult human brains. 7Axonal connections in the developing brain are considered to be one of several factors that influence the morphology of the cortical surface. 8 In particular, a widely accepted model of cortical morphogenesis suggests that the appearance of cortical convolutions is dependent on the underlying neuronal connectivity.9 Disturbances in regional cortical gyrification can be a surrogate marker for disruptions in neuronal connectivity during development. 9,10Most studies examining neuroanatomical changes in patients with schizophrenia have employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and report consistent volume reduction bilaterally in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Compared with the number of studies investigating volumetric defects, relatively few studies have attempted to locate gyrification defects within the entire cortex in patients with schizophrenia (see White and Hilgetag 10 for a detailed review). Most previous investigations have quantified differences in gyrification at preselected regions of interest (ROI), Background: Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of cerebral connectivity associated with disturbances of cortical development. Disturbances in connectivity at an early period of cortical maturation can result in widespread defects in gyrification. Investigating the anatomic distribution of gyrification defects can provide important information about neurodevelopment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We undertook an automated surface-based morphometric assessment of gyrification on 3-dimensionally reconstructed cortical surfaces across multiple vertices that cover the entire cortex. We used a sample from our previous research of 57 patients (50 men) with schizophrenia and 41 controls (39 men) in whom we had tested a specific hypothesis regarding presence of both hypoand hypergyria in the prefrontal cortex using a frontal region-of-interest approach. Results: Regions with significant reductions in gyrification (hypogyria) were seen predominantly in the left hemisphere, involving the insula and several regions of the multimodal association cortex. Although the prefrontal hypergyria documented ea...

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Development of the human insular cortex: differentiation, proliferation, cell death, and appearance of 5HT-2A receptors

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas

Embryological development of the human insula and its implications for the spread and resection of insular gliomas

Localization of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A positive cells in the brainstems of control age-matched and Alzheimer individuals

Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study

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