Development of the Human Fetal Auditory Cortex: Growth of Afferent Fibres

Krmpotić‐Nemanić, Jelena; Kostović, Ivica; Kelović, Zlatko; Nemanić, D; Mrzljak, Ladislav

doi:10.1159/000145727

Cited by 76 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The central portion of voluminous thalamic fibers within the cerebral stalk (“Hemispherenstiel” of Hochstetter and His), found in both histological and MR tractographic images, was described in our previous studies. In those studies, we used AChE histochemistry to label TH-C fibers in the frontal (Kostovic and Goldman Rakic, 1983; Kostovic and Rakic, 1984), temporal (Krmpotic-Nemanic et al, 1983), and visual pre-striatal cortices (Kostovic and Rakic, 1984). The massive compact arrangement of TH-C fibers is a characteristic feature of the growth trajectory at the telencephalic-diencephalic borders and more lateral pallial-subpallial border, below the ganglionic eminence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thalamocortical (TH-C) fiber growth begins during the embryonic period and is completed by the third trimester of gestation in humans. Here we determined the timing and trajectories of somatosensory TH-C fibers in the developing human brain. We analyzed the periods of TH-C fiber outgrowth, path-finding, “waiting” in the subplate (SP), target selection, and ingrowth in the cortical plate (CP) using histological sections from post-mortem fetal brain [from 7 to 34 postconceptional weeks (PCW)] that were processed with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry and immunohistochemical methods. Images were compared with post mortem diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tractography (code No NO1-HD-4-3368). The results showed TH-C axon outgrowth occurs as early as 7.5 PCW in the ventrolateral part of the thalamic anlage. Between 8 and 9.5 PCW, TH-C axons form massive bundles that traverse the diencephalic-telencephalic boundary. From 9.5 to 11 PCW, thalamocortical axons pass the periventricular area at the pallial-subpallial boundary and enter intermediate zone in radiating fashion. Between 12 and 14 PCW, the TH-C axons, aligned along the fibers from the basal forebrain, continue to grow for a short distance within the deep intermediate zone and enter the deep CP, parallel with SP expansion. Between 14 and 18 PCW, the TH-C interdigitate with callosal fibers, running shortly in the sagittal stratum and spreading through the deep SP (“waiting” phase). From 19 to 22 PCW, TH-C axons accumulate in the superficial SP below the somatosensory cortical area; this occurs 2 weeks earlier than in the frontal and occipital cortices. Between 23 and 24 PCW, AChE-reactive TH-C axons penetrate the CP concomitantly with its initial lamination. Between 25 and 34 PCW, AChE reactivity of the CP exhibits an uneven pattern suggestive of vertical banding, showing a basic 6-layer pattern. In conclusion, human thalamocortical axons show prolonged growth (4 months), and somatosensory fibers precede the ingrowth of fibers destined for frontal and occipital areas. The major features of growing TH-C somatosensory fiber trajectories are fan-like radiation, short runs in the sagittal strata, and interdigitation with the callosal system. These results support our hypothesis that TH-C axons are early factors in SP and CP morphogenesis and synaptogenesis and may regulate cortical somatosensory system maturation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, laminar compartments provide a framework for various cellular interactions important for axonal growth and formation of axonal trajectories. In humans, the process of growth and target finding of long projection and associative axonal pathways occurs predominantly during the second half of gestation (3, 8, 10, 12, 15–17). During this period, there is sequential and partially overlapping growth of thalamocortical, commissural, and associative pathways within transient laminar compartments and sagittal axonal strata (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Dynamics of Radial Vulnerability in the Cerebral Compartments in Preterm Infants and Neonates

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The developmental vulnerability of different classes of axonal pathways in preterm white matter is not known. We propose that laminar compartments of the developing cerebral wall serve as spatial framework for axonal growth and evaluate potential of anatomical landmarks for understanding reorganization of the cerebral wall after perinatal lesions. The 3-T MRI (in vivo) and histological analysis were performed in a series of cases ranging from 22 postconceptional weeks to 3 years. For the follow-up scans, three groups of children (control, normotypic, and preterms with lesions) were examined at the term equivalent age and after the first year of life. MRI and histological abnormalities were analyzed in the following compartments: (a) periventricular, with periventricular fiber system; (b) intermediate, with periventricular crossroads, sagittal strata, and centrum semiovale; (c) superficial, composed of gyral white matter, subplate, and cortical plate. Vulnerability of thalamocortical pathways within the crossroads and sagittal strata seems to be characteristic for early preterms, while vulnerability of long association pathways in the centrum semiovale seems to be predominant feature of late preterms. The structural indicator of the lesion of the long association pathways is the loss of delineation between centrum semiovale and subplate remnant, which is possible substrate of the diffuse periventricular leukomalacia. The enhanced difference in MR signal intensity of centrum semiovale and subplate remnant, observed in damaged children after first year, we interpret as structural plasticity of intact short cortico-cortical fibers, which grow postnatally through U-zones and enter the cortex through the subplate remnant. Our findings indicate that radial distribution of MRI signal abnormalities in the cerebral compartments may be related to lesion of different classes of axonal pathways and have prognostic value for predicting the likely outcome of prenatal and perinatal lesions.

show abstract

“…It also serves as a waiting compartment for growing cortical afferents (Rakic, 1977; Kostovic and Rakic, 1990). Various afferent fibers sequentially grow into the subplate, establish temporary synaptic circuits, and “wait” in the subplate for several months before relocating into their final target, the cortical plate (Kostović and Goldman-Rakic, 1983; Krmpotić-Nemanić et al, 1983; Kostovic and Rakic, 1984, 1990; Kostović, 1986). After 28 PCW, waiting associative and commissural pathways are major constituents of the subplate (Kostovic and Rakic, 1990; Kostović et al, 2008; Kostović and Judaš, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of the subplate for evolution and developmental plasticity of the human brain

Judaš

Sedmak

Kostović

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human life-history is characterized by long development and introduction of new developmental stages, such as childhood and adolescence. The developing brain had important role in these life-history changes because it is expensive tissue which uses up to 80% of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the newborn and continues to use almost 50% of it during the first 5 postnatal years. Our hominid ancestors managed to lift-up metabolic constraints to increase in brain size by several interrelated ecological, behavioral and social adaptations, such as dietary change, invention of cooking, creation of family-bonded reproductive units, and life-history changes. This opened new vistas for the developing brain, because it became possible to metabolically support transient patterns of brain organization as well as developmental brain plasticity for much longer period and with much greater number of neurons and connectivity combinations in comparison to apes. This included the shaping of cortical connections through the interaction with infant's social environment, which probably enhanced typically human evolution of language, cognition and self-awareness. In this review, we propose that the transient subplate zone and its postnatal remnant (interstitial neurons of the gyral white matter) probably served as the main playground for evolution of these developmental shifts, and describe various features that makes human subplate uniquely positioned to have such a role in comparison with other primates.

show abstract

Development of the Human Fetal Auditory Cortex: Growth of Afferent Fibres

Cited by 76 publications

References 8 publications

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

Developmental Dynamics of Radial Vulnerability in the Cerebral Compartments in Preterm Infants and Neonates

The significance of the subplate for evolution and developmental plasticity of the human brain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About