Development of the Fifth Leaf is Indicative for Whole Plant Performance at Low Temperature in Tomato

Hoek, I. H. S.; Cate, Charlotte H. Hänisch ten; Keijzer, C.J.; Schel, J.H.N.; Dons, Hans J. M.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1993.1120

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The large decrease in RGR at sub-optimal temperatures as a consequence of a decrease in SLA (increasing leaf thickness) and subsequently LAR as reported in this study for 'Moneymaker' (Fig. 1), has previously been reported for several commercial greenhouse tomato cultivars (Hoek et al, 1993;Paul et al, 1984;Venema et al, 1999). Furthermore leaves of 'Moneymaker' showed a large increase in dry matter content at sub-optimal temperatures which suggests an inhibition of carbon translocation to sink tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Wild Relatives as a Source for Sub-Optimal Temperature Tolerance in Tomato

Ploeg¹,

Heuvelink²,

Venema³

2007

Acta Hortic.

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Greenhouse tomato cultivation often requires a high energy input to maintain set-point temperatures. If set-point temperatures could be lowered by a few degrees this would reduce energy consumption significantly. However, this can only be applied when new, more energy-efficient cultivars are developed, i.e. cultivars that can be cultivated at sub-optimal temperatures without loss of production or quality. As variation for temperature response within the current elite tomato cultivars is limited, it is important to look for other sources of variation. One option are wild relatives which originate from South America, where they grow at altitudes up to 3300 m. In this study we examined the effects of temperature (12-24°C) on growth of young vegetative tomato plants of the cultivar 'Moneymaker' and two wild relatives (L. hirsutum LA 1777 and L. pennellii LA 716). The aim was to elucidate the physiological and morphological parameters which underlie interspecific differences in growth response to sub-optimal temperatures. During a 28-day period five destructive measurements were carried out in which total dry weight, including root weight, leaf area and leaf dry weight were measured in order to calculate growth parameters. Even though 'Moneymaker' had a higher relative growth rate (RGR) over a large temperature range (16-24°C), RGR of 'Moneymaker' was severely reduced below 20°C, while RGRs of L. hirsutum and L. pennellii were only decreased below 16°C. At 12°C RGR of 'Moneymaker' was reduced by 41% compared to 20°C, while in L. pennellii and L. hirsutum this decrease was only 27 and 18%, respectively. This decrease in RGR in 'Moneymaker' was mainly a result of a decreased leaf area ratio (LAR), caused by a 35% decrease in specific leaf area (SLA). In contrast, the decrease in RGR in L. pennellii and L. hirsutum was a result of a decreased net assimilation rate (NAR) of 24 and 14%, respectively. This study illustrates that wild tomato species provide possibilities for the breeding of more energy-efficient tomato greenhouse cultivars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Wild Relatives as a Source for Sub-Optimal Temperature Tolerance in Tomato

Ploeg¹,

Heuvelink²,

Venema³

2007

Acta Hortic.

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“…Comparisons of different populations of plants and vertebrates across environmental gradients are clearly needed. Roggatz et al (1999); (2) Trapani et al (1999); (3) Walter et al (2003); (4) Cruz et al (1997); (5) Hart & Collier (1994); (6) Milligan & Dale (1988); (7) Milthorpe & Newton (1963); (8) Isanogle (1944); (9) Butler (1963); (10) Wilson (1966); (11) Dengler (1980); (12) Granier and Tardieu (1999); (13) Granier et al (2000); (14) Slade (1970); (15) Friend & Pomeroy (1970); (16) Rahim & Fordham (1991) (17) Schoch (1972); (18) Paul (1984); (19) Hoek et al (1993); (20) Auld et al (1978) Fourth, can differences in cellular mechanisms explain differences in growth trajectories (crossing versus nested)? The best data exist for D. melanogaster: nested trajectories tend to be associated with differences in cell number while crossing trajectories more often are associated with cell size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Arendt

2007

Biological Reviews

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Body size is important to most aspects of biology and is also one of the most labile traits. Despite its importance we know remarkably little about the proximate (developmental) factors that determine body size under different circumstances. Here, I review what is known about how cell size and number contribute to phenetic and genetic variation in body size in Drosophila melanogaster, several fish, and fruits and leaves of some angiosperms. Variation in resources influences size primarily through changes in cell number while temperature acts through cell size. The difference in cellular mechanism may also explain the differences in growth trajectories resulting from food and temperature manipulations. There is, however, a poorly recognized interaction between food and temperature effects that needs further study. In addition, flies show a sexual dimorphism in temperature effects with the larger sex responding by changes in cell size and the smaller sex showing changes in both cell size and number. Leaf size is more variable than other organs, but there appears to be a consistent difference between how shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species respond to light level. The former have larger leaves via cell size under shade, the latter via cell number in light conditions. Genetic differences, primarily from comparisons of D. melanogaster, show similar variation. Direct selection on body size alters cell number only, while temperature selection results in increased cell size and decreased cell number. Population comparisons along latitudinal clines show that larger flies have both larger cells and more cells. Use of these proximate patterns can give clues as to how selection acts in the wild. For example, the latitudinal pattern in D. melanogaster is usually assumed to be due to temperature, but the cellular pattern does not match that seen in laboratory selection at different temperatures.

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“…2 ), but here we report a novel genotype×temperature interaction whereby low temperature had a significantly greater effect in the bif line than in LAM183. During the exposure of tomato plants to low temperature (15 °C), a reduction in cell division results in smaller, thicker leaves ( Hoek et al , 1993 ), and starch accumulates to higher levels ( Venema et al , 1999 ) presumably because leaf growth decreases more than photosynthesis at suboptimal temperature. This scenario might explain the greater investment of the available carbon in reproductive growth versus vegetative growth (reviewed by Van Ploeg and Heuvelink, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%