Development of the Enteric Nervous System: A Genetic Guide to the Perplexed

Gershon, Michael D.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.012

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…IV), the ENS encompasses a large part of the ANS. Due to the organization and structure of the number, morphology, and neurochemical nature of the ENS networks within the ANS, it is believed to be more analogous to the CNS than other networks within the peripheral nervous system (576,1496,1618,1619). Much like the CNS, the ENS maintains its capacity to adapt and reorganize its synapses throughout the host's lifetime, similar to synaptic plasticity in the CNS (422,918).…”

Section: B Synaptic Plasticity In the Ensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Cryan

O’Riordan

Cowan

et al. 2019

Physiological Reviews

2,468

1,630

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.

show abstract

Section: B Synaptic Plasticity In the Ensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Cryan

O’Riordan

Cowan

et al. 2019

Physiological Reviews

2,468

1,630

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Achieving cellular diversity within the enteric nervous system (ENS) requires precisely governed gene regulation to form a complex interconnected network of ganglia 1 . Therefore, gene perturbations during key steps of ENS formation can have detrimental effects, as in the case of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, OMIM #142623), a congenital intestinal aganglionic malformation where the gut lacks ENS innervation at varying lengths of the large bowel, leading to the loss of motility and a potentially lethal pseudo-obstruction 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early chromatin shaping predetermines multipotent vagal neural crest into neural, neuronal and mesenchymal lineages

Itc.

Sauka‐Spengler

2019

Nat Cell Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The enteric nervous system (ENS) predominantly originates from vagal neural crest cells (VNC) that emerge from the caudal hindbrain, invade the foregut and populate the gastrointestinal tract. However, the gene regulatory network (GRN) orchestrating the early specification of VNC remains unknown. Using an EdnrB enhancer, we generated a comprehensive temporal map of the chromatin and transcriptional landscape of VNC in the avian model, revealing three VNC cell clusters (neural, neurogenic and mesenchymal), each predetermined epigenetically prior to neural tube delamination. We identify and functionally validate regulatory cores (Sox10/Tfap2B/SoxB/ Hbox) mediating each programme and elucidate their combinatorial activities with other spatiotemporally-specific transcription factors (bHLH/NR). Our global deconstruction of the VNC-GRN in vivo sheds light on critical early regulatory mechanisms that may influence the divergent neural phenotypes in enteric neuropathies.

show abstract

“…There are complex interactions between the enteric nervous system and both the intrinsic immune and endocrine systems [ 17 ]. Structurally and neurochemically, the enteric nervous system represents a brain unto itself [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic Appendicitis: A Reappraisal of the Clinicopathological Features and Pathogenesis

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1921; Masson and Maresch first coined the term “neurogenic appendicitis (NA)” to describe “neuroma-like” lesions in the appendix. To date, our knowledge about NA is limited; therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the literature (1921 to 2020) to examine the clinicopathological features of NA. We also addressed the pathophysiology of acute abdominal pain and fibrosis in this entity. We performed a meta-analysis study by searching the PubMed database, using several keywords, such as: “appendix,” “neurogenic,” “obliterative,” “neuroma,” “fibrous obliteration,” “appendicopathy,” and “appendicitis.” Our study revealed that patients with NA usually present clinically with features of acute appendicitis, bud2t they have grossly unremarkable appendices. Histologically, the central appendiceal neuroma was the most common histological variant of NA, followed by the submucosal and intramucosal variants. To conclude, NA represents a form of neuroinflammation. The possibility of NA should be considered in patients with clinical features of acute appendicitis who intraoperatively show a grossly unremarkable appendix. Neuroinflammation and neuropeptides play roles in the development of pain and fibrosis in NA.

show abstract

Development of the Enteric Nervous System: A Genetic Guide to the Perplexed

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Early chromatin shaping predetermines multipotent vagal neural crest into neural, neuronal and mesenchymal lineages

Neurogenic Appendicitis: A Reappraisal of the Clinicopathological Features and Pathogenesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About