Development of the design and substantiation of the parameters of the working body for digging the roots of sugar beet

Abstract

The article proposes an original design of the forked working body of a beet harvester designed to dig up roots from the soil, which reduces the damage to root crops through the use of elastic elements in its design, which are rubber studded tires and the creation of an additional digging force acting on them. As a result of the analysis of the work of the proposed design, it was found that when interacting with the root crop, the elastic elements partially cover its surface, while creating an additional digging force. Analytical dependences are obtained, as well as the design and kinematic parameters of the forked working body are substantiated on the average size of the sugar beet root crop, which makes it possible to substantiate the optimal operating modes of the machine, to determine the dependence of the influence of the root crop size and the translational speed of the root harvester on the rotational speed of the tip of the active fork. The calculations showed that with an increase in the operating speed of the machine in the range from 1.0 to 2.0 m/s, it is necessary to ensure an increase in the angular velocity of the rotors ωr in the range from 24 to 57.4 s−1, which corresponds to a change in their rotation frequency from 230 to 554 min−1, which ensures that root crops are not damaged from interaction with working bodies. Given the versatility of the proposed design of the working body and a wide range of harvested root crops, the number of rows of spikes should be taken equal to 18. With an optimal value of the cylinder radius of 0.036 m, the distance between the rows of spikes is 13 mm. Given the presence of soil and plant residues, the height of the elastic spikes, it is advisable to use equal to 5-7 mm