“…Furthermore, it is important to note that although the answers in the concept inventory do reflect typical student misconceptions about the greenhouse effect (Schubatzky, Wackermann, et al, 2023;Wackermann et al, 2022), concept inventories are designed based on the assumptions and perspectives of the test developers, which may not align with students' diverse cultural, linguistic, or experiential backgrounds. However, several validation studies were conducted during the development of the concept inventory to ensure cognitive validity (Schubatzky, Wackermann, et al, 2023). Due to the use of single-select items, certain conceptions may have been imposed upon the students that they would not have used otherwise.…”