Development of the Cetacean Nasal Skull

Klima, Milan

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58612-5

Cited by 31 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Medial to the premaxilla, a number of cartilaginous structures are associated with the nasal cartilage and vomer. The development of these structures has been described in some detail by Klima (1999) and will not be discussed here.…”

Section: Early Carnegie Stage 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Projecting rostrally in the midline is the large median nasal cartilage (Nas crt, Figs. 2A and 3B), rostrum nasi cartilagineum of Klima (1995Klima ( , 1999. The lateral wall of the nasal capsule is barely developed, consisting only of a few isolated pieces of cartilage.…”

Section: Early Carnegie Stage 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The median nasal cartilage, as well as the bony elements of the rostrum, acts as a conduit for echolocation emissions (Cranford et al, 1996;Klima, 1999). Klima (1999) suggested the median nasal cartilage aids the growth of the embryonic rostrum in length before the bony elements are in place.…”

Section: Nasal Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comtesse-Weidner (2007), Miller (1923) and Kellogg (1928aKellogg ( , 1928b) studied morphological elements including telescoping. Oelschl-ä ger and Buhl (1985), Klima and van Bree (1990), and Klima (1995Klima ( , 1999 studied nasal anatomy and development. Oelschlä ger (1986Oelschlä ger ( , 1990, Solntseva (1990Solntseva ( , 1999Solntseva ( , 2002, and Kinkel et al (2001) concentrated on hearing reception and sound emission while Mead and Fordyce (2009) focused on general skull anatomy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development of the Skull of the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)

Moran

Nummela

Thewissen

2011

The Anatomical Record

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We describe the bony and cartilaginous structures of five fetal skulls of Stenella attenuata (pantropical spotted dolphin) specimens. The specimens represent early fetal life as suggested by the presence of rostral tactile hairs and the beginnings of skin pigmentation. These specimens exhibit the developmental order of ossification of the intramembranous and endochondral elements of the cranium as well as the functional and morphological development of specific cetacean anatomical adaptations. Detailed observations are presented on telescoping, nasal anatomy, and middle ear anatomy. The development of the middle ear ossicles, ectotympanic bone, and median nasal cartilage is of interest because in the adult these structures are morphologically different from those in land mammals. We follow specific cetacean morphological characteristics through fetal development to provide insight into the form and function of the cetacean body plan. Combining these data with fossil evidence, it is possible to overlie ontogenetic patterns and discern evolutionary patterns of the cetacean skull. Anat Rec, 294:1743Rec, 294: -1756Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: cranial development; Stenella attenuata; telescoping; middle ear; CetaceaThe development of the Cetacea skull was studied in embryos (de Burlet, 1913a(de Burlet, , 1913b(de Burlet, , 1914a(de Burlet, , 1914bSchreiber, 1916;Honigmann, 1917;Rauschmann et al., 2006;Thewissen and Heyning, 2007) and fetuses (Schulte, 1916;Ridewood, 1923;Eales, 1950). Cetacean research focused on specific biological systems to understand differences within Mammalia. Comtesse-Weidner (2007), Miller (1923 and Kellogg (1928aKellogg ( , 1928b) studied morphological elements including telescoping. Oelschl-ä ger and Buhl (1985), Klima and van Bree (1990), and Klima (1995 studied nasal anatomy and development. Oelschlä ger (1986, 1990), Solntseva (1990, 2002), and Kinkel et al. (2001 concentrated on hearing reception and sound emission while Mead and Fordyce (2009) focused on general skull anatomy. Although comparative embryological studies on cetaceans were rare, developmental studies were mostly nonexistent. Such studies (e.g., Thewissen et al., 2006, Armfield et al., in press) allow for a deeper understanding of the ontogenetic constraints on the evolution of the cetacean body plan.Habitat changes alter adaptations for specific cetacean body plans. These modifications include those of anatomical function and body plan from land mammals to fully aquatic, air breathing marine mammals. Our study focuses on anatomical structures of five Stenella attenuata (pantropical spotted dolphin) fetuses. Here we describe bony and cartilaginous structures of the

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Section: Early Carnegie Stage 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Carnegie Stage 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nasal Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the Skull of the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)

Moran

Nummela

Thewissen

2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…On the one hand, this is obvious from its origin, development, course, and attachment to the brain; on the other hand, from its presence in toothed whales. These animals completely lack the vomeronasal system and lose the anterior olfactory system (olfactory nerves, bulbs, and peduncles) during early fetal development and the concomitant total reconstruction of the nasal region as a consequence of their phylogenetic adaptation to aquatic habitats (Johnston, 1914;Sinclair, 1951aSinclair, , 1951cSinclair, , 1966Buhl, 1985a, 1985b;Buhl and Oelschläger, 1986;Oelschläger et al, 1987;Ridgway et al, 1987;Oelschläger, 1992;Cranford et al, 1996;Klima, 1999;Cranford, 2000;Huggenberger, 2003). In toothed whales, which echolocate by means of their highly modified upper respiratory tract (epicranial complex, nasal complex) (Cranford et al, 1996, Huggenberger, 2003, the terminal nerve attains a maximal number of neurons among the Mammalia (Buhl and Oelschlä ger, 1986;Oelschlä ger et al, 1987;Ridgway et al, 1987).…”

Section: Functional Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal nerve in the mouse‐eared bat (Myotis myotis): Ontogenetic aspects

Jastrow

Oelschläger

2006

Anat. Rec.

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As in other mammals, ontogenesis of the terminal nerve (TN) in the mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) starts shortly after the formation of the olfactory placode, a derivative of the ectoderm. During development of the olfactory pit, proliferating neuroblasts thicken the placodal epithelium and one cell population migrates toward the rostroventral tip of the telencephalon. Here they accumulate in a primordial terminal ganglion, which successively divides into smaller units. Initial fibers of the TN can be distinguished from olfactory fibers in the mid-embryonic period. The main TN fiber bundle (mfb) originates from the anteriormost ganglion in the nasal roof, whereas one or more inconstant smaller fiber bundles (sfb) originate from one or more smaller ganglia in the basal part of the rostral nasal septum. The fibers of the mfb and sfbs join in the posterior quarter of the nasal roof before reaching the central ganglion (M) located in the meninges medial to the olfactory bulb. From the mid-fetal period onward, a thin TN fiber bundle with some intermingled perikarya connects M to the brain by penetrating its wall rostral to the olfactory tubercle. Additional smaller ganglia may occur in this region. The TN and its ganglia persist in postnatal and adult bats but the number of perikarya is reduced here. Moreover, the different potential functions of the TN are discussed briefly.

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Anatomic Geometry of Sound Transmission and Reception in Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris)

Cranford

McKenna

Soldevilla

et al. 2008

The Anatomical Record

106

142

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This study uses remote imaging technology to quantify, compare, and contrast the cephalic anatomy between a neonate female and a young adult male Cuvier's beaked whale. Primary results reveal details of anatomic geometry with implications for acoustic function and diving. Specifically, we describe the juxtaposition of the large pterygoid sinuses, a fibrous venous plexus, and a lipid-rich pathway that connects the acoustic environment to the bony ear complex. We surmise that the large pterygoid air sinuses are essential adaptations for maintaining acoustic isolation and auditory acuity of the ears at depth. In the adult male, an acoustic waveguide lined with pachyosteosclerotic bones is apparently part of a novel transmission pathway for outgoing biosonar signals. Substitution of dense tissue boundaries where we normally find air sacs in delphinoids appears to be a recurring theme in deep-diving beaked whales and sperm whales. The anatomic configuration of the adult male Ziphius forehead resembles an upside-down sperm whale nose and may be its functional equivalent, but the homologous relationships between forehead structures are equivocal.

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Development of the Cetacean Nasal Skull

Abstract: Library of Congress-Catalog-Card-Number Klima, Milan. Development ofthe cetacean nasal skull/ M. Klima. p. cm. -(Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology, voi. 149) Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the Skull of the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)

Development of the Skull of the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)

Terminal nerve in the mouse‐eared bat (Myotis myotis): Ontogenetic aspects

Anatomic Geometry of Sound Transmission and Reception in Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris)

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