Development of the bodily self: Effects of visuomotor synchrony and visual appearance on virtual embodiment in children and adults

Weijs, Marieke Lieve; Macartney, Elle; Daum, Moritz M.; Lenggenhager, Bigna

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105200

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Concerning the SoA, the patient had normal levels of BSC and showed normal modulation of her SoA ratings that depended on visuomotor and perspectival congruency, comparable to healthy participants (Fig. 8A) and comparable to previous studies in healthy subjects ( 83–86 ). Critically, the patient’s EM performance was lowest in conditions when her SoA was increased (i.e., the condition with visuomotor and perspectival congruency) (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Embodiment in episodic memory through premotor-hippocampal coupling

Meyer,

Gauthier,

Stampacchia

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Episodic memory (EM) allows us to remember and relieve past events and experiences, depending on cortical-hippocampal reinstatement involved during encoding. Although it has been claimed that EM is fundamental to establish a sense of self across time, this has never been shown experimentally. Here we combine immersive virtual reality and fMRI and report stronger hippocampal reinstatement for scenes encoded under preserved sense of self, reflecting later recall performance. We further link the sense of self to EM showing that hippocampal reinstatement is coupled with reinstatement in premotor cortex, a key sense of self region. We extend these findings in a severe amnesic patient (caused by bilateral hippocampal damage), whose memory and re-experiencing lacked the normal dependency on the sense of self. Premotor-hippocampal coupling in EM describes how the self at encoding is neurally reinstated during the retrieval of past episodes, enabling a sense of self across time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For the control questions, we averaged the ratings of the two control questions together. For the threat item, we used only the first round of ratings as dependent variable as the habituation effect was strong and is well referenced in literature ( 111 , 112 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodiment in episodic memory through premotor-hippocampal coupling

Meyer,

Gauthier,

Stampacchia

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Nevertheless, the results provide some indication that change blindness remapping may elicit a stronger sense of agency, and possibly ownership, compared to body warping. This indication is in line with previous work suggesting that discrepancies between the position and movement of the real and virtual limbs can impair both the sense of virtual ownership [25] and agency [47].…”

Section: What Technique Yields the Most Embodiment?supporting

confidence: 92%

Body Warping Versus Change Blindness Remapping: A Comparison of Two Approaches to Repurposing Haptic Proxies for Virtual Reality

Patras

Cibulskis

Nilsson

2022

2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)

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Haptic retargeting using body warpingThe user's virtual and physical hands are co-located.The movement of the physical and virtual hands are offset.The misaligned physical and virtual objects are grasped simultaneously. Change blindness remappingThe virtual object and physical proxy are not co-located.When the user looks away the virtual object is aligned with the physical proxy.Co-location is achieved and the user can interact. Figure 1: Illustration of haptic retargeting based on body warping (left) and change blindness remapping (right) adapted from [33].

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“…However, the obtained sense of agency and self-location scores showed variance in active contexts, possibly owing to visuomotor incongruences or missing human-likeness during locomotion [ 28 , 50 ], occlusions during interaction [ 45 ], and extended insights into the limitations of the IK. Hence, we suggest further multisensory integrations [ 77 ], that is, advanced IK, animations, and physical interactions (eg, collision) with haptics to amplify the illusion [ 44 , 78 ]. Moreover, implementing more appealing IVEs could improve user involvement and realism, potentially enhancing IVBO [ 31 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersive Virtual Reality Avatars for Embodiment Illusions in People With Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability: User-Centered Development and Feasibility Study

Langener¹,

Klaassen²,

VanDerNagel³

et al. 2022

JMIR Serious Games

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Background Immersive virtual reality (IVR) has been investigated as a tool for treating psychiatric conditions. In particular, the practical nature of IVR, by offering a doing instead of talking approach, could support people who do not benefit from existing treatments. Hence, people with mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID; IQ=50-85) might profit particularly from IVR therapies, for instance, to circumvent issues in understanding relevant concepts and interrelations. In this context, immersing the user into a virtual body (ie, avatar) appears promising for enhancing learning (eg, by changing perspectives) and usability (eg, natural interactions). However, design requirements, immersion procedures, and proof of concept of such embodiment illusion (ie, substituting the real body with a virtual one) have not been explored in this group. Objective Our study aimed to establish design guidelines for IVR embodiment illusions in people with MBID. We explored 3 factors to induce the illusion, by testing the avatar’s appearance, locomotion using IVR controllers, and virtual object manipulation. Furthermore, we report on the feasibility to induce the embodiment illusion and provide procedural guidance. Methods We conducted a user-centered study with 29 end users in care facilities, to investigate the avatar’s appearance, controller-based locomotion (ie, teleport, joystick, or hybrid), and object manipulation. Overall, 3 iterations were conducted using semistructured interviews to explore design factors to induce embodiment illusions in our group. To further understand the influence of interactions on the illusion, we measured the sense of embodiment (SoE) during 5 interaction tasks. Results IVR embodiment illusions can be induced in adults with MBID. To induce the illusion, having a high degree of control over the body outweighed avatar customization, despite the participants’ desire to replicate their own body image. Similarly, the highest SoE was measured during object manipulation tasks, which required a combination of (virtual) locomotion and object manipulation behavior. Notably, interactions that are implausible (eg, teleport and occlusions when grabbing) showed a negative influence on SoE. In contrast, implementing artificial interaction aids into the IVR avatar’s hands (ie, for user interfaces) did not diminish the illusion, presuming that the control was unimpaired. Nonetheless, embodiment illusions showed a tedious and complex need for (control) habituation (eg, motion sickness), possibly hindering uptake in practice. Conclusions Balancing the embodiment immersion by focusing on interaction habituation (eg, controller-based locomotion) and lowering customization effort seems crucial to achieve both high SoE and usability for people with MBID. Hence, future studies should investigate the requirements for natural IVR avatar interactions by using multisensory integrations for the virtual body (eg, animations, physics-based collision, and touch) and other interaction techniques (eg, hand tracking and redirected walking). In addition, procedures and use for learning should be explored for tailored mental health therapies in people with MBID.

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Development of the bodily self: Effects of visuomotor synchrony and visual appearance on virtual embodiment in children and adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Embodiment in episodic memory through premotor-hippocampal coupling

Embodiment in episodic memory through premotor-hippocampal coupling

Body Warping Versus Change Blindness Remapping: A Comparison of Two Approaches to Repurposing Haptic Proxies for Virtual Reality

Immersive Virtual Reality Avatars for Embodiment Illusions in People With Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability: User-Centered Development and Feasibility Study

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