Development of the automated temperature control system of the main gas pipeline

Fetisov, Vadim; Ilyushin, Yury V.; Vasiliev, G. G.; Leonovich, I.A.; Müller, Johannes; Riazi, Masoud; Mohammadi, Amir H.

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29570-4

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The TOC is the most critical index to assess the quality of source rocks [34,36]. The TOC content of the Wulalike shale is generally low, varying from 0.14% to 0.90%, with an average of 0.51% (Table 1).…”

Section: Om Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz Origins and Paleoenvironmental Controls on Organic Matter Accumulation of Marine Shale in the Ordovician Wulalike Formation, Northwestern Ordos Basin, China: Significance for Shale Gas Exploration

Zhang

Xi³

et al. 2023

Energies

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The Ordovician Wulalike marine siliceous shale is a notable hydrocarbon source rock in the Northwestern Ordos Basin. However, the causes of quartz and organic matter enrichment are still a mystery to experts. In this study, the organic geochemistry (maceral compositions, Rbitu, and TOC) and elemental geochemistry (major and trace elements) with mineralogy (XRD) and petrography were jointly acquired to systematically investigate the quartz origins and the paleoenvironment, and the main controlling factors for organic matter enrichment in the Wulalike shale. The results show that the organic matter is type I kerogen with low TOC concentrations (average 0.51%), and that the thermal evolution has reached mature and high mature stages (mean Requ is 1.08%). Three types of quartz are developed in Wulalike shale: biogenic quartz (average 63%) is the most dominant, followed by clastic quartz (average 31%) and microcrystalline quartz (average 6%). Babio and Ba/Al values indicate the low paleoproductivity, which is the primary cause for the low TOC found throughout the area. Redox indexes show the anoxic or dysoxic to oxic conditions from the bottom to the top of the section. Paleoclimate and paleowater depth proxies also changed from the bottom to the top. Various paleoenvironments and sedimentological evidence show that Wulalike shale went through the changing environments, and the early sedimentary environments were conducive to organic matter enrichment, leading to a relatively high TOC. The paleoproductivity and preservation conditions have an impact on organic matter enrichment. Based on the results of biogenic quartz distribution and sedimentary environments, it is considered that the bottom of the Wulalike Formation is the most favorable for shale gas exploration and development.

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Section: Om Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz Origins and Paleoenvironmental Controls on Organic Matter Accumulation of Marine Shale in the Ordovician Wulalike Formation, Northwestern Ordos Basin, China: Significance for Shale Gas Exploration

Zhang

Xi³

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…For the Amores dunites, the G1 two-dimensional growth model is revealed [26], where the limiting step is the rate of diffusion of the gaseous products through the layer of product being formed, which responds to the equation:…”

Section: Second Stage Of the Thermal Decomposition Of The Serpentiniz...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific fundamentals for the use of serpentinized rocks from the eastern region of Cuba

Ojeda Pardo,

Pons Herrera,

Ramirez Perez

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Cuba has one of the largest reserves of basic and ultrabasic rocks in the world, located mainly in the Moa - Baracoa ophiolitic complex, where dunitic rocks abound, bearing the olivine mineral with important refractory properties. The present work shows the main scientific results, accumulated during more than 20 years of research on this raw material, and the obtaining of different refractory products, such as: foundry sands and non-stick paints, refractory bricks, among others. An experimental design of mixture, Mac Lean - Anderson type, was used, which allowed defining the best mixtures for the manufacture of refractory products, determining also the most important physical-mechanical properties and their comparison with similar materials. The use of this raw material would efficiently contribute to the reduction of the impact on the ecosystem currently caused by the accumulation of this debris in the region of Moa.

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“…In regions where temperatures vary from −50 to +40 degrees Celsius annually, the physical properties of the pipeline metal are affected. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain an optimal temperature for efficient gas transportation through the main pipeline [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Power System Design and Dynamic Modeling for Enhanced Reliability in Remote Natural Gas Pipeline Control Stations

Waqas,

Jamil,

Khan

2024

Energies

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The most rapid and efficient method to transport natural gas from its source to its destination is through a pipeline network. The optimal functioning of control stations for natural gas pipelines depends on the use of electrical devices, including data loggers, communication devices, control systems, surveillance equipment, and more. Ensuring a reliable and consistent power supply proves to be challenging due to the remote locations of these control stations. This research article presents a case study detailing the design and dynamic modeling of a hybrid power system (HPS) to address the specific energy needs of a particular natural gas pipeline control station. The HOMER Pro 3.17.1 software is used to design an optimal HPS for the specified location. The designed system combines a photovoltaic (PV) system with natural gas generators as a backup to ensure a reliable and consistent power supply for the control station. Furthermore, it provides significant cost savings, reducing the cost of energy (COE) by USD 0.148 and the annual operating costs by USD 87,321, all while integrating a renewable energy fraction of 79.2%. Dynamic modeling of the designed system is performed in MATLAB/Simulink R2022a to analyze the system’s response, including its power quality, harmonics, voltage transients, load impact, etc. The experimental results are validated using hardware in the loop (HIL) and OPAL-RT Technologies’ real-time OP5707XG simulator.

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Development of the automated temperature control system of the main gas pipeline

Cited by 30 publications

References 88 publications

Quartz Origins and Paleoenvironmental Controls on Organic Matter Accumulation of Marine Shale in the Ordovician Wulalike Formation, Northwestern Ordos Basin, China: Significance for Shale Gas Exploration

Quartz Origins and Paleoenvironmental Controls on Organic Matter Accumulation of Marine Shale in the Ordovician Wulalike Formation, Northwestern Ordos Basin, China: Significance for Shale Gas Exploration

Scientific fundamentals for the use of serpentinized rocks from the eastern region of Cuba

Hybrid Power System Design and Dynamic Modeling for Enhanced Reliability in Remote Natural Gas Pipeline Control Stations

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