“…Various ML and DL algorithms have been proposed to develop AI-powered speech and language assessments. Examples of ML algorithms including k-nearest neighbor, 105,109,118 support vector machines (SVMs), ,86,96,105,109,145 multi-layer perceptron, 86,116,[147][148][149] and logistic regression. 17,135,137,147,150 Various DL algorithms, such as convolutional neural network (CNN), 86,116,145,148,149 long short-term memory, [151][152][153] RNN, 86 and BERT have also been employed to develop AI systems for dementia.…”