Development of test vehicles for evaluating plastic-encapsulant reliability and improving thermal conductivity of encapsulant materials

Enlow, Leonard R.; Swanson, Dale W.; Naito, Christine

doi:10.1016/s0026-2714(98)00202-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, thermal insulation is not a strength of polymers, as their thermal conductivity is only 0.1 to 0.5 Wm −1 K −1 . It is possible to increase the thermal conductivity of a polymer by introducing fillers with a high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, beryllium oxide, or diamond (Enlow et al 1999 ; Tanaka et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Materials Substitution As a Secondary Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the strategies for the energy-critical elements necessary for the development of sustainable energy sources

Krishna

Dhass

Arya

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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There have been several strategies developed to increase the diversified supply of energy so that it can meet all of the future demands for energy. As a result, to ensure a healthy and sustainable energy future, it is imperative to warrant reliable and diverse energy supply sources if the “green energy economy” is to be realized. The purpose of developing and deploying clean energy technologies is to improve our overall energy security, reduce our carbon footprint, and ensure that the generation of energy is secure and reliable in the future, making sure that we can spur economic growth in the future. In this paper, advancements in alternative sources of energy sustainability and strategies will be examined to ensure there will be enough fuel to supply all the future demands for energy. Several emerging clean energy technologies rely heavily on the availability of materials that exhibit unique properties that are necessary for their development. This paper examines the roles that rare earth and other energy-critical materials play in securing a clean energy economy and the development of clean energy economies in general. For the development of these technologies to be successful and sustainable, a number of these energy-critical materials are at risk of becoming unavailable. This is due to their limited availability, disruptions in supply, and a lack of suitable resources for their development. An action plan focusing on producing energy-critical materials in energy-efficient ways is discussed as part of an initiative to advance the development of clean and sustainable energy.

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Section: Materials Substitution As a Secondary Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the strategies for the energy-critical elements necessary for the development of sustainable energy sources

Krishna

Dhass

Arya

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Advantages in availability, cost, weight, and market lead time have given plastics more than 97% of the worldwide chip packaging market. o ‐Cresol‐formaldehyde novolac epoxy (CNE) resins cured with cresol novolac hardeners (CNH), which have relatively low volumetric shrinkage upon polymerization, good thermal and dimensional stability, excellent moisture and chemical resistance, and superior electrical and mechanical properties, are often employed to encapsulate microelectronic devices 1–3. The trend toward greater integration and functionality in the die is driving the need for packages of high pin counts and good heat dissipating capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the common package reliability problems, moisture‐induced delamination and cracking of the package during reflow soldering are two major issues. Ninety percent of failures occur at the material–material interface because of moisture, temperature cycling, and contamination 1–3. A high level of stress is built up within the package as a result of the enhanced mismatch between the dissimilar materials in the package.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of vinyl siloxane modified cresol novolac epoxy for electronic encapsulation

Tai¹,

Wang

Chen

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Vinyl siloxane (VS) modified cresol novolac epoxy (CNE) and cresol novolac hardener (CNH) resins are synthesized and both components are capable of further crosslinking. The reaction kinetics for both components are studied so that they can crosslink simultaneously in a designed synthesis procedure. Through careful adjustment of a triphenylphosphine dosage, the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of CNE/CNH resins can be effectively controlled. Phenomena characteristic of the existence of a diffusion‐controlled reaction are also observed. The relationships between the Tg and crosslinking density for the CNE/CNH resin are explicitly revealed through gel content and swell ratio experiments. CNE/CNH resins with a higher Tg have lower equilibrium moisture uptake because of the higher fraction of free volume. The coefficient of diffusion also shows a similar but less apparent trend. The incorporation of VS incurs a 35% reduction in the equilibrium moisture uptake and a 20% reduction in the coefficient of diffusion for the modified resin. The VS‐modified CNE/CNH resin possesses a lower Young's modulus and a higher strain at break than its unmodified counterpart does. This modified resin can help to alleviate the popcorning problems in integrated circuit packages, which results from hygrothermal stresses. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 652–661, 2001

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“…However, thermal insulation is not a strength of polymers, as their thermal conductivity is only 0.1 to 0.5 Wm − 1 K − 1 . It is possible to increase the thermal conductivity of a polymer by introducing llers with a high thermal conductivity, such as aluminium oxide, aluminium nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, beryllium oxide, or diamond(Enlow et al 1999;Tanaka et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the strategies for the energy-critical elements necessary for the development of sustainable energy sources

Krishna

Dhass

Arya

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There have been several strategies developed in order to increase the diversified supply of energy so that it can meet all of the demands for energy in the future. As a result, to ensure a healthy and sustainable energy future, it is imperative to warrant reliable and diverse energy supply sources if the “green energy economy” is to be realized. The purpose of developing and deploying clean energy technologies is to improve our overall energy security, reduce carbon footprint, and ensure that the generation of energy is secure and reliable in the future, making sure that we are in a position to spur economic growth in the future. In this paper, advancements in alternative sources of energy sustainability and strategies will be examined, so as to ensure there will be enough fuel to supply all of the future demands for energy. Several emerging clean energy technologies rely heavily on the availability of materials that exhibit unique properties that are necessary for their development. This paper examines the role that materials, such as rare earth metals and other critical materials, play in securing a clean energy economy and the development of clean energy economies in general. In order for the development of these technologies to be successful and sustainable, a number of these energy-critical materials are at risk of becoming unavailable. This is due to their limited availability, disruptions in supply, and the lack of suitable resources for their development. An action plan focusing on producing energy-critical materials in energy-efficient ways is discussed as part of an initiative to advance the development of clean and sustainable energy.

show abstract

Development of test vehicles for evaluating plastic-encapsulant reliability and improving thermal conductivity of encapsulant materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

An assessment of the strategies for the energy-critical elements necessary for the development of sustainable energy sources

An assessment of the strategies for the energy-critical elements necessary for the development of sustainable energy sources

Synthesis and properties of vinyl siloxane modified cresol novolac epoxy for electronic encapsulation

An assessment of the strategies for the energy-critical elements necessary for the development of sustainable energy sources

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