“…However, the utility of SNIPER-based protein degradation is limited due to off-target binding of bestatin (Umezawa et al, 1976; Orning et al, 1991) and the induction of autoubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the cIAP1 E3 itself (Sekine et al, 2008). Ligand optimization of the cIAP1 recruiting moiety bestatin has reduced cIAP1 autoubiquitination (Itoh et al, 2011a), but their efficacy remained in the micromolar range. Thus far, SNIPERs have successfully degraded multiple cellular targets, e.g., Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein I (CRABPI) and CRABPII (Itoh et al, 2010; Itoh et al, 2012; Okuhira et al, 2017), ERα (Itoh et al, 2011b; Demizu et al, 2012; Okuhira et al, 2013), the spindle regulatory protein Transforming Acidic Coiled-Coil-3 (TACC3) (Ohoka et al, 2014), the Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL) (Demizu et al, 2016) and various HaloTag fusion proteins (Tomoshige et al, 2016).…”