Development of synthetic maize populations for resistance to <i>Striga hermonthica</i>

Kim, S. K.; Fajemisin, J. M.; The, C.; Adepoju, A.; Kling, J. G.; Badu‐Apraku, B.; Versteeg, M. N.; Carsky, R. J.; Lagoke, S. T. O.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01927.x

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…It is interesting to note that even though the Striga-susceptible cultivar G6 had the lowest grain yield and the most severe Striga damage, the number of emerged Striga plants was lower or comparable with those of the Striga-tolerant cultivars such as G3, G4, G7 and G8. This confirms the reports of earlier workers, that Striga emergence count alone is not reliable for the evaluation of resistance, especially when cultivars are highly susceptible, because such materials suffer more damage, even when few Striga plants are attached to the roots of the host plant (Kim et al 1998). Therefore, for maximum gain from selection for Striga resistance and increased grain yield, it will be desirable to use a combination of grain yield, host damage syndrome rating and Striga emergence counts to improve both traits simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Striga hermonthica infestation is extremely difficult to control and is a major threat to the rapid spread of maize into the WCA savanna. Available Striga control measures include host plant resistance, cultural, chemical, and manual methods (Odhiambo and Ransom 1994;Kim et al 1998). Of these, the use of host plant resistance or tolerance is considered the most economical and environmentally friendly for resource-poor farmers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Consistency of performance of early-maturing maize cultivars in Striga-infested and Striga-free environments

Badu‐Apraku¹,

Yallou

Oyekunle

et al. 2015

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. Consistency of performance of early-maturing maize cultivars in Striga-infested and Striga-free environments. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1073Á1084. Despite the immense potential of maize (Zea mays L.) in savannas of West and Central Africa (WCA), production and productivity is constrained by Striga hermonthica parasitism. Sixteen early-maturing cultivars were evaluated at two locations in Nigeria and three locations in the Republic of Benin from 2007 to 2009 to assess the grain yield, stability and the consistency of the rankings of the cultivars under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments. The combined analysis of variance showed significant (PB0.01) cultivar and cultivar )environment interactions for grain yield and other traits under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments. The test of concordance was significant (P B0.001) for grain yield (W 00.68), number of emerged Striga plants (W 00.74) and Striga damage (W 00.56) under Striga infestation, indicating stability of resistance in the cultivars developed from diverse sources under artificial S. hermonthica infestation across environments. There was high consistency of the rankings of the cultivars for grain yield and other Striga-resistance traits under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments in Benin and Nigeria. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot analysis for grain yield revealed POOL15SR/ACR94TZECOMP5-W/ACR94TZECOMP5-W and 2004 TZE-Y Pop DT STR C4 as the most stable cultivars with above-average mean grain yield in Striga-infested environments and they can be combined with other crop management options to control the parasite in the Striga endemic environments. Cultivars TZE Comp 5-W C7F2 and TZE Comp5-Y C6 S6 (Set B) had less Striga damage and number of emerged Striga plants across test environments. These cultivars could therefore serve as unique sources of favorable alleles for improving Striga resistance in maize in different production environments and farming systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

Consistency of performance of early-maturing maize cultivars in Striga-infested and Striga-free environments

Badu‐Apraku¹,

Yallou

Oyekunle

et al. 2015

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…The same observation was made on the resistance mechanism of some cereal cultivars in Striga controlling (Kuiper et al, 1998). The existence of differences in cultivar susceptibility against Striga hermonthica has been highlighted among sorghum cultivars (Omanya et al, 2004;Rodenburg et al, 2006) and maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars (Kim et al, 1998). Our results confirmed that of Hariri (1990) and Dibong et al (2009) from their experiments on artificial infestations with other species of Loranthaceae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prospects for an integrated control of Loranthaceae species parasitizing <em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> C. F. Gaertn in Burkina Faso

Boussim¹,

Yonli²,

Medah³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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This study investigated the potential components of an integrated management of Loranthaceae species (mistletoes) which constitute a major constraint to the survival and fruit production of many trees such as Vitellaria paradoxa in West Africa. Three types of pruning, five doses of each of two herbicides and host resistance were evaluated in mistletoe-infested parklands. Natural enemies were surveyed with a view to biological control. Pruning of the host branch along with the parasite's haustorium (endophytic system) led to the total elimination of the parasite. When the endophytic system was spared, the time of pruning and species of parasite significantly influenced the number of sprout stalks per tuff. Their interaction was also significant. Death of at least 80% of treated Loranthaceae tufts was recorded for doses of 15 g l -1 of glyphosate and 20 g l -1of 2,4-D. The artificial infestation of stands with parasite seeds revealed the likely existence of genetic resistance to mistletoe in V. paradoxa. The agroforestry parkland survey showed that birds, chiefly Pogoniulus chrysonocus, and insects are potential natural enemies of Loranthaceae. Results showed that Loranthaceae control could be achieved with techniques already used to successfully manage weeds. However, there is need to improve control components and their integration to successfully manage mistletoes in Burkina Faso.

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“…Consequently, screening for host plant resistance under very high infestation levels, using number of aboveground Striga plants as screening measure, might result in underestimation of susceptibility. Kim et al (1998) and Haussmann et al (2000) also suggested that this might be possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica

2006

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SummaryOne of the most promising control options against the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica is the use of crop varieties that combine resistance with high levels of tolerance. The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between Striga infestation level, Striga infection level and relative yield loss of sorghum and to use this insight for exploring the options for a proper screening procedure for tolerance. In three pot experiments, conducted in Mali (2003) and The Netherlands (2003, 2004), four sorghum genotypes were exposed to a range of Striga infestation levels, ranging from 0.0625 to 16 seeds cm . Observations included regular Striga emergence counts and sorghum grain yield at maturity.There were significant genotype, infestation and genotype × infestation effects on sorghum yield. The relation between infestation level and infection level was density dependent. Furthermore, the relation between Striga infection level and relative yield loss was non-linear, though for the most resistant genotype Framida only the linear part of the relation was obtained, as even at high infestation levels only moderate infection levels were achieved. The results suggest that for resistant genotypes, tolerance can best be quantified as a reduced relative yield loss per aboveground Striga plant, whereas for less resistant genotypes the maximum relative yield loss can best be used. Whether both expressions of tolerance are interrelated could not be resolved. Complications of screening for tolerance under field conditions are discussed.Abbreviations: ASNPC, area under the Striga number progress curve; DW kernel , dry weight of kernel yield (g); NS max , maximum aboveground Striga numbers; RYL, relative yield loss (%); Y s , observed yield of an individual plant grown under Striga infestation (g); Y c , average kernel yield of all control plants of a specific genotype (g)

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Development of synthetic maize populations for resistance to Striga hermonthica

Abstract: can also be described as tolerance, in that high grain yields are The parasitic witchweed, Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth, is the greatest attained in the presence of reduced host plant damage by Striga

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Consistency of performance of early-maturing maize cultivars in Striga-infested and Striga-free environments

Consistency of performance of early-maturing maize cultivars in Striga-infested and Striga-free environments

Prospects for an integrated control of Loranthaceae species parasitizing <em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> C. F. Gaertn in Burkina Faso

Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica

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