Development of sustainable CO2 conversion processes for the methanol production

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230

144

In light of the depletion of fossil fuels and the increased daily requirements for liquid fuels and chemicals, CO 2 should indeed be regarded as a valuable C 1 additional feedstock for sustainable manufacturing of liquid fuels and chemicals. Development and deployment of CO 2 capture and chemical conversion processes are among the grand challenges faced by today's scientists and engineers. Very few of the reported CO 2 capture and conversion technologies have been employed for industrial installations on a large scale, where high-efficiency, cost/energy-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness are three keys factors. The CO 2 capture technologies from stationary sources and ambient air based on solvents, solid sorbents, and membranes are discussed first. Transforming CO 2 to liquid fuels and chemicals, which are presently produced from petroleum, through thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical, and biochemical routes are discussed next. The relevant state-of-theart computational methods and tools as a complement to experiments are also briefly discussed. Finally, after pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available technologies for CO 2 capture and conversion, ideas and perspectives for the development of new techniques, opportunities, and challenges are highlighted.

Section: Computational Methods and Tools For The Co2 Value Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Development and Deployment of Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Processes

Yuan

Eden

Gani

2015

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230

144

“…Several CO 2 capture technologies such as amine scrubbing, membrane separation, and physical adsorption are being investigated for industrial carbon capture. CCU can generate profits by utilizing CO 2 to make products that can be sold such as methanol 33 and dimethyl ether 34 or to enhance oil recovery. 7 However, many of the CCU pathways are neither profitable nor CO 2 -negative.…”

Section: ■ Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Input–Output Surrogate Models for Efficient Economic Evaluation of Amine Scrubbing CO₂ Capture Processes

Chung

Lee

2020

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Carbon capture followed by utilization or storage enables carbon-intensive sectors to abate their CO2 emissions. However, complexity and nonlinearity of the capture processes hinder the incorporation of their first-principles models into analyses and optimizations of overall carbon management strategies. Accordingly, it is desirable to have a systematic method to develop a computationally less demanding surrogate model, which can replace the rigorous CO2 capture process model, for use in a high-level decision-making environment. For such purposes, the surrogate model should be able to provide multiple information needed to connect to subsequent processing steps under varying source stream conditions. This research addresses the development of surrogate models for CO2 capture processes that enjoy significantly lowered complexity while preserving the key information. A surrogate model can be constructed by fitting the input–output data generated by process simulation and optimization with the rigorous model. Following the proposed method, surrogate models for the amine-based CO2 capture processes with two representative types of amines, monoethanolamine (MEA) and piperazine (PZ), are constructed and validated. The constructed surrogate models predict the specific steam consumption rate and total equipment purchase cost based on the input information of desired capture rate and CO2 source stream condition. The predicted information is shown to agree well with the simulation result of the rigorous first-principles model. This surrogate modeling approach can be applied to compare different capture technologies in the context of analyzing and synthesizing a larger CCUS processing network.

“…More recently 12 we have demonstrated that increasing CO 2 content in the feed to 35−40% reduces the economic benefits of CR for methanol production and increases the consumption of flue gas, and consequently, the CO 2 emission are larger. On the other hand, Roh et al 13 have demonstrated both that the economic benefits of a methanol plant based on CR can be enhanced and that the CO 2 emissions reduced by proper integration of a conventional autothermal methanol plant with another one based on CR. In an effort to upgrade the use of NG with a very high CO 2 content (>40%), as is found in certain gas fields in Argentina, 11 we have proposed and analyzed the technical and economic aspects of a modified CR process suitable for methanol production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently we have demonstrated that increasing CO 2 content in the feed to 35–40% reduces the economic benefits of CR for methanol production and increases the consumption of flue gas, and consequently, the CO 2 emission are larger. On the other hand, Roh et al . have demonstrated both that the economic benefits of a methanol plant based on CR can be enhanced and that the CO 2 emissions reduced by proper integration of a conventional autothermal methanol plant with another one based on CR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Potential of Methane Combined Reforming for Methanol Production via Partial CO₂ Hydrogenation

Cañete

Gigola

Brignole

2017

A process for methanol production from high CO 2 content natural gas (50−60%) is presented and analyzed in technical and economic terms. A conceptual design is proposed on the basis of partial hydrogenation of the feed by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, prior to a combined reforming operation. Both the RWGS reactor and a Lurgi-type methanol reactor were rigorously simulated via gPROMS by taking into account kinetic expressions of commercial catalysts. The mentioned reactors, the reformer, and the flash separator were all simulated as separate modules and interconnected as a whole plant. The effect of CO 2 content, feed fraction to be hydrogenated, influence of the H 2 /CO ratio and the methanol recycle ratio on the total CO 2 conversion, H 2 consumption, methanol reactor size, and CO 2 emissions were investigated. It was found that the hydrogenation of 40% of a feed containing 60% CO 2 by using a H 2 /CO 2 ratio of 1.7 followed by a combined reforming furnace leads to a syngas that has an optimum composition for methanol production. An economic analysis demonstrated that the proposed process entails lower investment costs partially due to the smaller reformer size, as compared to a methanol plant of similar production based on CH 4 steam reforming. On the other hand, the operating costs are higher mainly because of the cost of H 2 . Consequently, a negative net present value is obtained under present market prices. However, for a feed containing 50% CO 2 , the proposed process would be economically viable for a H 2 price of 2.4 US$/kg or a methanol price of 500 US$/ton. Slightly higher price variations are necessary to obtain a financially feasible project for a feed containing 60% CO 2 . Nevertheless, the reduced H 2 demand has lower economic incidence, as compared to a methanol plant based on CO 2 and H 2 as raw materials.