Development of Superconducting On-chip Fourier Transform Spectrometers

Thakur, R. Basu; Steiger, A.; Shu, S.; Faramarzi, Farzad; Klimovich, Nikita; Day, Peter; Shirokoff, E.; Mauskopf, Philip; Barry, P. S.

doi:10.1007/s10909-022-02920-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…See figure 17(c) for a schematic representation and operational principle. Each spatial mode of the spectrum is encoded in time and detected by a pair of detectors, enabling improved spectral recovery [357]. This allows spatial multiplexing at the expense of sensitivity in each spectral channel (due to the full band photon load on the detector).…”

Section: Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first generation of on-chip spectrometers (DESHIMA, SuperSpec) are offering photon-noise-limited performance, and others are coming soon (e.g. EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping [355], South Pole Telescope Summertime Line Intensity Mapper [354], SOFTS [357], Cambridge Emission [350], (e) [351], (f) [357].…”

Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top row shows the working principles of the superconducting photonics circuits of the (a) filterbank, (b) quasi-grating, and (c) FTS spectrometers. The bottom row shows photographs of examples of corresponding on-chip implementations: (d)[350], (e)[351], (f)[357].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Jovanovic,

Gatkine,

Anugu

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Photonics

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Photonic technologies offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile that combines the light-gathering power of four 8-m telescopes through a complex photonic interferometer. Fully integrated astrophotonic devices offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization when operating at the diffraction-limit, plus integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering significant cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including the development of photonic lanterns to convert from multimode inputs to single mode outputs, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings to filter OH emission from the atmosphere, beam combiners enabling long baseline interferometry with for example, ESO Gravity, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of 1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc., 2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and 3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors. In this roadmap, we identify 23 key areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional integrated instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space based platforms, enabling new scientific studies and discoveries.

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Section: Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Jovanovic,

Gatkine,

Anugu

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Photonics

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A Vacuum Waveguide Filter Bank Spectrometer for Far-Infrared Astrophysics

Nie,

Filippini,

Brooks

et al. 2024

J Low Temp Phys

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Traditional technologies for far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy generally involve bulky dispersive optics. Integrated filter bank spectrometers promise more compact designs, but implementations using superconducting transmission line networks become lossy at terahertz frequencies. We describe a novel on-chip spectrometer architecture designed to extend this range. A filter bank spectrometer is implemented using vacuum waveguide etched into a silicon wafer stack. A single trunk line feeds an array of resonant cavities, each coupled to a kinetic inductance detector fabricated on an adjacent wafer. We discuss the design and fabrication of a prototype implementation, initial test results at ambient temperature, and prospects for future development.

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