Development of sun protection behaviors in preschoolers: A systematic review

Sümen, Adem; Öncel, Selma

doi:10.4274/turkderm.79346

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Researchers agree that the dangers of skin cancer can be ameliorated through prevention efforts, especially those targeted at children [10]. From a young age, children need to be educated about the sun's harmful effects on the skin and how best to protect themselves [7,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affecting Young Children’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors for Ultraviolet Radiation Protection through the Internet of Things: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Theodosi

Nicolaidou

2021

Computers

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Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is linked to skin cancer. Children are more vulnerable to UV harmful effects compared to adults. Children’s active involvement in using Internet of Things (IoT) devices to collect and analyze real-time UV radiation data is suggested to increase their awareness of UV protection. This quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group study implemented light sensors in a STEM inquiry-based learning environment focusing on UV radiation and protection in primary education. This exploratory, small-scale study investigated the effect of a STEM environment implementing IoT devices on 6th graders’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about UV radiation and protection. Participants were 31 primary school students. Experimental group participants (n = 15) attended four eighty-minute inquiry-based lessons on UV radiation and protection and used sensors to measure and analyze UV radiation in their school. Data sources included questionnaires on UV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors administered pre- and post-intervention. Statistically significant learning gains were found only for the experimental group (t14 = −3.64, p = 0.003). A statistically significant positive behavioral change was reported for experimental group participants six weeks post-intervention. The study adds empirical evidence suggesting the value of real-time data-driven approaches implementing IoT devices to positively influence students’ knowledge and behaviors related to socio-scientific problems affecting their health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affecting Young Children’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors for Ultraviolet Radiation Protection through the Internet of Things: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Theodosi

Nicolaidou

2021

Computers

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“…Lessons learned from previous studies and programs are that sun protection education has to be accompanied by behavioral as well as environmental measures and vice-versa [13,21,38,39,47]. Up to date, only few studies have investigated the effects of sun protection interventions in a preschool setting using randomized controlled trials or CRTs [83,84]. A minority of these evidence-based programs are still continued, such as the best-known and well-studied SunSmart Schools and Early Childhood Membership Programs in Australia, as well as the US program Ray and the Sunbeatables™, which is based on the 'Sun Protection is Fun' intervention [21,85,86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster Randomized Trial: Sun Protection Intervention ‘Clever in Sun and Shade for Preschools’—Effectiveness and Dissemination

Seidel

Fieber

Breitbart³

et al. 2021

Children

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Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and UV radiation is one of the main risk factors. Therefore, sun protection, especially in childhood, is strongly recommended. We examined the effectiveness of the ‘Clever in Sun and Shade for Preschools’ program (CLEVER) in promoting sun protection behavior among preschool staff (trial registration: DRKS00023468) and describe its dissemination. Within a cluster randomized trial with 24 preschools (n = 273 staff members) stating a high need for sun protection measures, an educational workshop for preschool staff and a project kit with materials applicable in preschool groups was provided. Staff members of preschools taking part in CLEVER report significantly stronger sun protection behavior to avoid the sun (effect size [ES] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 0.71, p < 0.05) and less perceived impediments to avoid the sun (ES −0.56, CI −0.82 −0.17, p < 0.01) after 12 months as well as higher self-efficacy to avoid the sun (ES 1.09, CI 0.39 1.07, p < 0.001) and to use sunscreen (ES 0.71, CI 0.03 0.88, p < 0.05) after 1 month. Compared to the control group, there was no significant effect on sunscreen use and further psychosocial outcomes. The effectiveness of CLEVER may be underrated due to a high drop-out rate. Within three years, an enhanced free-of-charge program kit, including a media-based workshop and materials, had reached over 4000 preschools, i.e., 7.1% of all daycare centers in Germany. The results show that CLEVER can strengthen sun protection, offer high-quality information at low cost, and is easily disseminable.

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“…Sun exposure is significant during childhood in the development of skin cancer and parental behaviours are important in protecting children from the sun. Therefore, families can be a positive role model for children with their behaviour and attitudes (Bodekaer et al, 2014;Sümen & Öncel, 2018a). Studies have emphasized that families should focus on preventing skin cancer to change young children's behaviours towards sun protection (Aulbert et al, 2009;Crane et al, 2006;Erkin & Temel, 2017;Glanz et al, 2013;Ho et al, 2016;Stöver et al, 2012;Thomson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ programme on parental sun protection behaviours: Randomized controlled trial

Sümen

Öncel

2020

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims This study aims to examine the effect of the ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program based on the social cognitive theory, on parental use of sun protection products and sun avoidance behaviours. Design Cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods The study was conducted with three groups using a pre‐test, post‐test, and follow‐up design. The study included 185 parents, of which 63 were in the education group, 62 were in the education + SMS group, and 60 were in the control group. The parents in the intervention group were engaged in the ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program for a period of 6 weeks, while the education + SMS group, in addition to the program, also received. Primary outcomes include sunscreen use and sun avoidance behaviour and secondary outcomes were self‐protection and protection of their children's behaviour. A repeated‐measures ANOVA and marginal homogeneity were the main statistical tests. Results The interventions made as part of the ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program increased the following behavioural components of parents in the education group and the education + SMS group, compared with the control group: sun protection product use behaviours, sun avoidance behaviours, and behaviours related to protecting themselves and their children from the sun. There was an even higher increase in these behavioural components for those parents who also received short reminder text messages. Conclusion The ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program and the receiving of short reminder messages had positive effects on the parents' behaviours related to protecting themselves and their children from the sun. Impact The ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ developed parents' sunscreen use self‐efficacy, norms/attitudes about sunscreen use and sunscreen use expectancy behaviour, and reduced their impediments to sunscreen use behaviour. In addition, the program developed parents' sun avoidance self‐efficacy, norms/attitudes about sun avoidance and sun avoidance expectancy behaviours, and reduced tanning expectancy behaviour. Receiving SMS messages following the training was effective in parental behaviours for use of sunscreen, sun avoidance, and protecting themselves and their children from the sun. Registration number: Study is registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04251598.

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Development of sun protection behaviors in preschoolers: A systematic review

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Affecting Young Children’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors for Ultraviolet Radiation Protection through the Internet of Things: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Affecting Young Children’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors for Ultraviolet Radiation Protection through the Internet of Things: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Cluster Randomized Trial: Sun Protection Intervention ‘Clever in Sun and Shade for Preschools’—Effectiveness and Dissemination

The effect of ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ programme on parental sun protection behaviours: Randomized controlled trial

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