Development of suitable photobioreactor for algae production – A review

Singh, Richa; Sharma, Shubhangna

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.026

Cited by 465 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…One major challenge in the cultivation of phototrophic organisms is the provision of sufficient light for the culture. For this reason, many different open and closed bioreactor systems have been developed for algae cultivation, each with its own advantages and disadvantages (Singh and Sharma 2012). The system used is determined by the desired product and the algae species.…”

Section: Reactor Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Production

et al. 2017

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Section: Reactor Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Production

et al. 2017

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“…If these were incorporated into a small volume vertical bioreactor, the spatial footprint would be small, minimizing the use of open space without displacing agriculture, biodiversity, or green space. Therefore, designs of future culture systems should pay closer attention to high yields and low footprints [260][261][262][263][264][265], as well as minimal energy consumption [266]. This would be especially applicable to smaller commercial volumes (i.e., 200 L) with high illuminated areas and adequate mixing of cells through the light field, but not at such high turbulent levels that would increase cell mortality, and thus reduce biomass [267][268][269].…”

Section: Bioreactors and Scale-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependency of Microalgal Production on Biomass and the Relationship to Yield and Bioreactor Scale-up for Biofuels: a Statistical Analysis of 60+ Years of Algal Bioreactor Data

Granata

2016

Bioenerg. Res.

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Since the 1950s, research has been undertaken to promote algal oil as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. This paper statistically analyzed 317 studies of algal bioreactors to determine the interdependence of biological and physical factors affecting oil yield. Algal growth rates in bioreactors often (71 %) exceeded maximal growth rates cited in the literature, and biomass was generally higher than maximum values cited for laboratory cultures. Growth rate decreased with increasing biomass, and biomass, not growth, dominated production rate, which was higher in closed than in open bioreactors. Except for Chlorella cultured in horizontal tubular reactors, there were no statistical differences in algal production when grown in different types of reactors. Production decreased with increasing bioreactor volume, but increased with surface to volume ratio of the bioreactor. In contrast, estimated oil yields increased with bioreactor volume. Four groups of bioreactors were identified based on their oil yields and biomass production: (1) higher yields with lower production were limited to open systems with volumes ≥10 4 L; (2) higher yields with higher production were almost exclusively closed bioreactors from 10 2 to 10 3 L; (3) lower yields with higher production were closed systems from 3 to 99 L; and (4) lower yields with lower production were a mix of open and closed systems with diverse volumes. Based on these groups, it is suggested that intermediate volume bioreactors with higher surface to volume ratios could give higher yields and production rates and would avoid the environmental and scale-up problems inherent in large bioreactors currently being used commercially to culture microalgae.

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“…Recently, the most popular photobioreactors are tubular, annular and flat-plate (Fig. 6) (Singh and Sharma, 2012). The diameters in tubular bioreactors do not exceed 40 mm and their lengths may be more than 100 m depending on the required residence time.…”

Section: Application Of Algae In Biorefineriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefineries – factories of the future

Koltuniewicz

Dąbkowska

2016

Chemical and Process Engineering

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Efforts were made to demonstrate that in biorefineries it is possible to manufacture all the commodities required for maintaining human civilisation on the current level. Biorefineries are based on processing biomass resulting from photosynthesis. From sugars, oils and proteins, a variety of food, feed, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, polymers, chemicals and fuels can further be produced. Production in biorefineries must be based on a few rules to fulfil sustainable development: all raw materials are derived from biomass, all products are biodegradable and production methods are in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry and Clean Technology. The paper presents a summary of state-of-the-art concerning biorefineries, production methods and product range of leading companies in the world that are already implemented. Potential risks caused by the development of biorefineries, such as: insecurities of food and feed production, uncontrolled changes in global production profiles, monocultures, eutrophication, etc., were also highlighted in this paper. It was stressed that the sustainable development is not only an alternative point of view but is our condition to survive.

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Development of suitable photobioreactor for algae production – A review

Cited by 465 publications

References 28 publications

Primary Production

Primary Production

Dependency of Microalgal Production on Biomass and the Relationship to Yield and Bioreactor Scale-up for Biofuels: a Statistical Analysis of 60+ Years of Algal Bioreactor Data

Biorefineries – factories of the future

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