Development of Speciality Grade Wire by Controlling the Inclusions in High-Carbon Steel Using Synthetic Slag Treatment

Mandal, G. K.; Kamaraj, Ashok; Humane, M M; Minj, R K; Das, Samar K.; Ramana, R. B. V.; Venugopalan, T.

doi:10.1007/s12666-018-1488-4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For an accurate automatic EDS analysis, the size of the inclusions was set to be greater than 1 μm because the interaction volume may diffuse into the steel and excite electrons from the environment around the inclusions with diameters of less than 1 μm. [10,26,27]…”

Section: Chemical Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel

Wang

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Spring steel is extensively utilized in various sectors, such as automotive, engineering machinery, and electric power sectors, owing to its excellent elasticity. [1][2][3] The industries have stringent fatigue performances requirement for their products. [4] Inclusions are common sources of early fatigue faults, [5] which can cause premature spring fracture. For manufacturing highquality spring steel, a deep understanding of the formation and evolution of the inclusions in spring steel is essential.Si and Mn are commonly used as deoxidizers in high-quality spring steel. [6] Si-Mn-killed spring steel has inclusions with a low melting point, which deform more easily during rolling than the inclusions of Al-killed spring steel, thereby decreasing the damage of the inclusions on the fatigue life of the spring. [7] Al 2 O 3 and MgO-Al 2 O 3 inclusions with a high melting point can be formed with an excessively high Al content in steel. These inclusions can block the nozzle and shorten the fatigue life of spring. [8] Thus, alloys with a low Al content and refining slag are used to regulate the Al content in molten steel. [9][10][11] Inclusions form and evolve dynamically during continuous casting (CC) because of the continuous variations in the thermodynamic equilibrium between molten steel and inclusions in CC. According to Choudhary et al., [12] MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 inclusions are formed during the solidification of Si-Mn-killed lowcarbon steel. They [13] further investigated the formation and evolution of the inclusions in low-carbon Al-killed steel during CC and predicted the types of precipitates with varying Mg contents. From their results, the Mg content in molten steel during ladle treatment should be kept below 0.8 ppm to prevent the formation of MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions, which is consistent with the results of Ben. [14] Sonja et al. [15] observed an increase in the number of liquid inclusions in the steel and the formation of MnO-Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions when the temperature dropped during the solidification of Si-Mn-killed steel. Goto et al. [16] investigated the influence of the initial oxides on the precipitation and growth of oxides during the solidification of Mn-killed steel. During solidification, the formation and growth of MnO-FeO oxides were independent of the initial oxide. Saburo et al. [17] discovered the relationship between the initial contents of Al and O in molten steel and changes in the Al 2 O 3 content in the MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 inclusions during solidification. The inclusions were more stable during cooling with high initial amounts of Al and O. Zhong et al. [18] investigated the cooling process of silicon steel, whereby the precipitates were found to be mullite. The cooling rate had a significant impact on the precipitation and growth of the oxides. In particular, a slower cooling rate was beneficial for reducing the number of inclusions. Holappa et al. [19] investigated the evolution of the inclusions in Ca-treated Al-killed steels during solidification. They found ...

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Section: Chemical Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel

Wang

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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“…It is widely accepted that inclusions with low melting point have good deformability. Most of the research on plasticization of inclusions is based on the concept of lowering their melting point [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Guo et al found that non-deformable Al 2 O 3 inclusions in aluminum killed steel can be modified into Al2O3-CaO-MgO-CaS inclusions with a lower melting point and better deformability by calcium treatment [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the research described above has made some progress in achieving the plasticization of inclusions, the industrial application of the findings has not been realized due to practical difficulties, such as metal sputtering caused by high volatility of additives and unsatisfactory plasticization. Among studies on plasticization, refining technologies with low basicity top slag have attracted the most attention and become the plasticization technology that has achieved large-scale industrial application [15][16][17][18][19]. This technology is mainly employed for tire cord steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Plasticization of Inclusions in Saw-Wire Steel by NaF Addition

Chen

Wan

et al. 2020

Metals

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In this study, a new method is proposed for the plasticization of inclusions by taking advantage of the behavior of alkali metals in lowering the inclusion melting point. A series of experiments with NaF additions to molten steel were carried out using a carbon tube furnace followed by simulated rolling tests using the solidified ingots and characterization of inclusions with the help of automated scanning electron microscopy. Compositional changes of the steel and evolution of gaseous species were evaluated using thermodynamic software FactSage 7.2 (ThermFact Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada). Based on this approach, NaF/steel/inclusion interactions and the effects of NaF addition on the melting point, size and deformability of inclusions were clarified. The modification of MnO-SiO2 inclusions by NaF also promoted the removal of inclusions and improved the cleanliness of steel. The results show that with the addition of NaF, the melting point of inclusions is greatly reduced, the deformability is improved, and the removal of inclusions is enhanced, all of which indicates a good prospect for industrial application.

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Thermodynamic Simulations and Industrial Trials Applied to Inclusion Control of SAE 9254 Si-Mn Killed Steel

Lima

Sousa

Neto

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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Development of Speciality Grade Wire by Controlling the Inclusions in High-Carbon Steel Using Synthetic Slag Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel

A New Method for Plasticization of Inclusions in Saw-Wire Steel by NaF Addition

Thermodynamic Simulations and Industrial Trials Applied to Inclusion Control of SAE 9254 Si-Mn Killed Steel

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Development of Speciality Grade Wire by Controlling the Inclusions in High-Carbon Steel Using Synthetic Slag Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel

A New Method for Plasticization of Inclusions in Saw-Wire Steel by NaF Addition

Thermodynamic Simulations and Industrial Trials Applied to Inclusion Control of SAE 9254 Si-Mn Killed Steel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel

Evolution Mechanism of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–CaO Inclusions During Continuous Casting of Si‐Killed Spring Steel