Development of Solid Biomass Production in Poland, Especially Pellet, in the Context of the World’s and the European Union’s Climate and Energy Policies

Bełdycka-Bórawska, Aneta; Bórawski, Piotr; Borychowski, Michał; Wyszomierski, Rafał; Bórawski, Marek Bartłomiej; Rokicki, Tomasz; Ochnio, Luiza; Jankowski, K.; Mickiewicz, Bartosz; Dunn, James W.

doi:10.3390/en14123587

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Energies 2024, 17, 2511 2 of 16 vs. developing countries) [8]. In the European Union (EU), biomass energy accounts for 10% of total primary energy and 60% of renewable energy [11].…”

Section: Industrialized Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jerusalem Artichoke: Energy Balance in Annual and Perennial Cropping Systems—A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland

Jankowski,

Bogucka

2024

Energies

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This article presents the results of a three-year experiment (2018–2020) conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (north-eastern Poland) with the aim of determining Jerusalem artichoke (JA) yields and the energy balance of biomass production in (i) a perennial cropping system (only aerial biomass was harvested each year) and (ii) an annual cropping system (both aerial biomass and tubers were harvested each year). When JA was grown as a perennial crop, the demand for energy reached 25.2 GJ ha−1 in the year of plantation establishment and 12.3–13.4 GJ ha−1 in the second and third year of production. The energy inputs associated with the annual cropping system were determined in the range of 31.4–37.1 GJ ha−1. Biomass yields were twice as high in the annual than in the perennial cropping system (20.98 vs. 10.30 Mg DM ha−1). Tuber yield accounted for 46% of the total yield. The energy output of JA biomass was 1.8 times higher in the annual than in the perennial cropping system (275.4 vs. 157.3 GJ ha−1). The average energy gain in JA cultivation ranged from 140 (perennial crop) to 241 GJ ha−1 (annual crop). The energy efficiency ratio of JA biomass production reached 7.7–13.3 in the perennial cropping system, and it was 20% lower in the annual cropping system. These results imply that when JA was grown as an annual crop, an increase in energy inputs associated with plantation establishment (tillage and planting) and the harvest and transport of tubers was not fully compensated by the energy output of tubers.

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“…Energies 2024, 17, 2511 2 of 16 vs. developing countries) [8]. In the European Union (EU), biomass energy accounts for 10% of total primary energy and 60% of renewable energy [11].…”

Section: Industrialized Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Security concerns linked with climate change and vanishing energy reserves have prompted many countries to diversify their energy sources [8] and transform their energy sectors [9]. Successful energy transition depends on the growth of the renewable energy market, labor market policies, and changes in consumption patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jerusalem Artichoke: Energy Balance in Annual and Perennial Cropping Systems—A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland

Jankowski,

Bogucka

2024

Energies

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“…It will also be crucial to develop electromobility by promoting electric engines in cars. 58 In heat and cooling engineering, the usage of biomass 59 will play a vital role, however, it is expected that heat pumps and photovoltaic panels will become more common in households. Renewable energy sources will be key in power engineering -it will allow one to re-evaluate the mix of energy sources and will push it towards zero-emission system.…”

Section: Epp 2040 -Challenges and Threats To Energy Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Policy of Poland until 2040: The Challenges and Threats to Energy Security in the Next Two Decades

Hebda

2022

Politeja

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Poland’s energy transformation will be carried out over the next two decades, and its main objective is decarbonization. Specific goals are included in the energy policy of Poland until 2040. In this context, it should be emphasized that the Polish energy sector requires a complete modernization, especially in terms of electricity supply. The current state of affairs is a consequence of the still too high use of coal in the energy mix. The planned investments are to lead to a deep transition in the Polish energy sector, which will ensure the energy security of the state. The Polish energy policy proposes several methods that are to be used for modernization, i.e., gasification of the electricity sector, implementation of nuclear energy, or the development of renewable energy sources. In this context, it is necessary to identify the challenges and threats to Poland’s energy security. The article presents the current state of the Polish energy sector, the main goals of the EPP 2040 and the resulting threats to energy security.

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“…There are also important goals such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the consumption of energy produced from renewable sources, improving energy efficiency, and expanding electricity connections [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. On the one hand, the electricity policy focuses on the liberalization of the entire sector, while on the other hand, it concentrates on development towards more innovative and more sustainable electricity sector [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. All goals were introduced gradually and evolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation and Changes of Household Electricity Prices in EU Countries

et al. 2021

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The paper’s main purpose is to identify the differentiation and variation of electricity prices for households in EU countries. The specific objectives are to highlight the directions and differentiation of price changes in EU states, determine the degree of volatility (or stability) of electricity rates, and establish the correlation between electricity prices for household consumers and economic and energy parameters. All members of the European Union were chosen for this project as of 31 December 2019 (28 countries). The analyzed period covered the years 2008–2019. The source of collected information was the thematic literature review and the data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular and graphical methods, constant-based dynamics indicators, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze and present the materials. It was determined that higher electricity prices for households in the EU states were associated with better economic parameters. Developed countries must have higher energy rates because they will ensure energy transformation, i.e., implementing energy-saving technologies. In the EU, electricity prices for household consumers showed little volatility, but that variability increased in line with the surge of the volume of household energy consumption.

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Development of Solid Biomass Production in Poland, Especially Pellet, in the Context of the World’s and the European Union’s Climate and Energy Policies

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Jerusalem Artichoke: Energy Balance in Annual and Perennial Cropping Systems—A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland

Jerusalem Artichoke: Energy Balance in Annual and Perennial Cropping Systems—A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland

Energy Policy of Poland until 2040: The Challenges and Threats to Energy Security in the Next Two Decades

Differentiation and Changes of Household Electricity Prices in EU Countries

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