Development of Soil Properties and Nitrogen Cycling in Created Wetlands

Wolf, Kristin L.; Ahn, Changwoo; Noe, Gregory B.

doi:10.1007/s13157-011-0185-4

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…These results support those of Richardson et al (2004), who found that denitrification rates significantly increase with the addition of NO 3 − to floodplain wetlands. Study results also support similar studies where denitrification was positively correlated with redox potential (Verhoeven et al, 2001) and soil moisture (Schnabel et al, 1997; Hunter and Faulkner, 2001; Groffman and Crawford, 2003; Wolf et al, 2011a,b). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hydrologic Connectivity to Streams Increases Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inputs and Cycling in Soils of Created and Natural Floodplain Wetlands

2013

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Greater connectivity to stream surface water may result in greater inputs of allochthonous nutrients that could stimulate internal nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in natural, restored, and created riparian wetlands. This study investigated the effects of hydrologic connectivity to stream water on soil nutrient fluxes in plots ( = 20) located among four created and two natural freshwater wetlands of varying hydrology in the Piedmont physiographic province of Virginia. Surface water was slightly deeper; hydrologic inputs of sediment, sediment-N, and ammonium were greater; and soil net ammonification, N mineralization, and N turnover were greater in plots with stream water classified as their primary water source compared with plots with precipitation or groundwater as their primary water source. Soil water-filled pore space, inputs of nitrate, and soil net nitrification, P mineralization, and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) were similar among plots. Soil ammonification, N mineralization, and N turnover rates increased with the loading rate of ammonium to the soil surface. Phosphorus mineralization and ammonification also increased with sedimentation and sediment-N loading rate. Nitrification flux and DEA were positively associated in these wetlands. In conclusion, hydrologic connectivity to stream water increased allochthonous inputs that stimulated soil N and P cycling and that likely led to greater retention of sediment and nutrients in created and natural wetlands. Our findings suggest that wetland creation and restoration projects should be designed to allow connectivity with stream water if the goal is to optimize the function of water quality improvement in a watershed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hydrologic Connectivity to Streams Increases Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inputs and Cycling in Soils of Created and Natural Floodplain Wetlands

2013

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“…Soil organic matter comprises decomposed and decomposing plant and animal materials, which give high‐organic matter soils their characteristically high levels of SOC and N. Although natural wetland soils are abundant in SOC and N, this is generally not the case in newly restored wetlands, where total organic C and total N tend to increase with age (Wolf et al ). The significant correlations between denitrification potential, SOC, and microbial biomass N observed across sites suggest that the microbial communities performing denitrification are C‐limited in these restored wetlands, such that higher concentrations of SOC support larger microbial communities and thereby enable more denitrification potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil amendments promote denitrification in restored wetlands

Yao

Groffman

Alewell

et al. 2017

Restoration Ecology

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Wetlands perform important ecosystem functions, including improvement of water quality through the process of denitrification. To offset the negative environmental impact of replacing wetlands with agriculture and development, the United States has a policy requiring that losses in wetland area are compensated for through wetland restoration elsewhere. However, these restored wetlands may require decades to achieve functional equivalency to natural wetlands. We evaluated the efficacy of using carbon amendments during restoration to promote denitrification potential in four restored wetlands in central New York State, United States. The amendments were straw, topsoil, and biochar, chosen to range along a gradient of carbon lability. Soil samples collected 6 years after restoration were analyzed for denitrification potential and associated soil properties, including soil carbon and nitrogen, pH, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, carbon lability, and potential net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. Compared to unamended control plots, denitrification potential was approximately 3 times higher in straw-amended plots, 8 times higher in topsoil-amended plots, and 11 times higher in biochar-amended plots. Denitrification potential positively correlated with both soil organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, suggesting that the use of soil amendments in restorations can help stimulate the development of denitrification potential by facilitating the suite of carbon and nitrogen cycling processes that underlie this function. However, denitrification potential in a nearby natural reference wetland was at least 50 times higher than it was in the restored wetland plots, highlighting the limitations of using wetland restoration to compensate for the loss of natural wetlands.

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“…in the process of wetland evolution and recovery (Zheng et al 2011;Wolf et al 2011). The conditions of change in soil texture are difficult to isolate due to the influence of flooding in wetlands (Wang et al 2005;Hossler and Bouchard 2010).…”

Section: The Effect Of the Reverse Seasonal Flooding On Soil Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the reverse seasonal flooding on soil texture within the hydro-fluctuation belt in the Three Gorges reservoir, China

et al. 2017

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Purpose The formation of the large hydro-fluctuation belt at the altitude of 145-175 m, following the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, developed from the terrestrial system in the Three Gorges reservoir. This research mainly concerned the effects of the resultant reverse seasonal flooding on soil texture. Materials and methods Four field experimental plots were designed with sample belts and quadrats at the head, middle, and tail sections of the reservoir area. Stratified soil samples were collected, followed by analysis of soil structure and soil grain size of the collected samples. Results and discussion The reverse seasonal flooding significantly changes texture and nutrient of riparian soil. The percentages of silt and clay formations were greatest at the lower hydro-fluctuation belt, followed by the middle and upper hydro-fluctuation belt, respectively. The percentage of silt and clay particles at 150 m was greater than that of 170 m by 18.12%. Conversely, the percentage of sand particles at the upper hydro-fluctuation belt ranked the highest, and followed by the middle and lower hydro-fluctuation belt, respectively. The percentage of sand particles at 170 m was higher than that at 150 m by 19.72%. Soil texture type changed with increasing altitude gradient, from silt loam, loam, then to sandy loam. Reverse seasonal flooding also promotes silt and clay permeation, and deposition from surface soil to subsurface soil, increasing homogeneity in grain structure between soil layers. This change in soil texture is associated with changes in soil nutrients. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium varied significantly among soil texture types, with loam having the highest soil nutrient concentration and sandy loam having the lowest. Conclusions The reverse seasonal flooding promotes the deposition of clay and silt within the hydro-fluctuation belt, inducing the total texture change of loam to silt loam. However, the structures and attributes of soil texture varied along the altitude gradient, as the exposed and submersed season and time span of riparian soil changed with the increase of altitude.

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Development of Soil Properties and Nitrogen Cycling in Created Wetlands

Cited by 49 publications

References 61 publications

Hydrologic Connectivity to Streams Increases Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inputs and Cycling in Soils of Created and Natural Floodplain Wetlands

Hydrologic Connectivity to Streams Increases Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inputs and Cycling in Soils of Created and Natural Floodplain Wetlands

Soil amendments promote denitrification in restored wetlands

The effects of the reverse seasonal flooding on soil texture within the hydro-fluctuation belt in the Three Gorges reservoir, China

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