Development of Smart Spars for Active Aeroelastic Structures

Amprikidis, Michael; Cooper, Jonathan E.

doi:10.2514/6.2003-1799

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…A number of studies investigating morphing concepts have been performed over the past decade. Methods of wing morphing include camber change [2][3] ,wing twist [4] , wing sweep change, and wing span change [5][6][7] . In camber change, the adaptive airfoil can change camber to obtain a desired lift, thus, eliminating the need for conventional control surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and aerodynamic characteristics of a span morphing wing

2009

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Flight vehicles are often designed to function around a primary operating point such as an efficient cruise or a high maneuverability mode. Performance and efficiency deteriorate rapidly as the airplane moves towards other portions of the flight envelope. One solution to this quandary is to radically change the shape of the aircraft. This yields both improved efficiency and a larger flight envelope. This global shape change is an example of morphing aircraft . One concept of morphing is the span morphing wing in which the wingspan is varied to accommodate multiple flight regimes. This type of design allows for at least two discreet modes of the aircraft. The original configuration, in which the extensible portion of the wing is fully retracted, yields a high speed dash mode. Fully extending the wing provides the aircraft with a low speed mode tailored for fine tracking and loiter tasks. This paper discusses the design of a span morphing wing that permits a change in the aspect ratio while simultaneously supporting structural wing loads. The wing cross section is maintained by NACA 4412 rib sections . The span morphing wing was investigated in different configurations. The wing area and the aspect ratio of the span morphing wing increase as the wings pan increases. Computational aerodynamics are used to estimate the performance and dynamic characteristics of each wing shape of this span morphing wing as its wingspan is changed. Results show that in order to obtain the same lift, the conventional wing requires a larger angle of attach(AOA) than that of the span morphing wing.The lift of the span morphing wing increases as the wing span ,Mach number and AOA increases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and aerodynamic characteristics of a span morphing wing

2009

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“…Morphing structures have been realized by various methods including camber change, wing's cross-section change, and spar change (Amprikidis and Cooper, 2003). SMA actuators are quite suitable for morphing wing due to high recovery forces, large deformations, and small volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies on Active Shape Control of Composite Structures using SMA Actuators

Yang

Roh

Han

et al. 2006

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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In this article, the experimental modeling and active shape control of hybrid composite structures actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are presented and discussed. The thermomechanical properties of the SMA wires are experimentally measured. SMA actuators with residual strains are prepared by loading-unloading tensile tests. Hybrid composite structures are established by attaching the SMA actuators on the surface of a graphite/epoxy composite beam and plate by bolt-joint connectors. The first-order numerical model is used to model the response of the hybrid composite structures attached to the SMA actuators. The parameters of the first-order model are experimentally determined and the response is compared with experimental data. For faster and more accurate shape/deflection control of the hybrid composite structure, feedforward and proportional integral derivative (PID) feedback controllers are designed and applied to the hybrid composite structure. The PID feedback controller significantly improves the performance of the SMA actuators.

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“…Recently, there have been several works on the aeroelastic effects of a morphing wing (Gern et al, 2002;Wilson, 2002;Sanders et al, 2003;Amprikidis and Cooper, 2003;Bae et al, 2005;Campanile and Anders, 2005). The Active Aeroelastic Wing (AAW) was introduced and developed by a joint research effort involving the Navy, the Air Force Research Lab., NASA-Dryden, and the Boeing Phantom Works (Wilson, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sanders et al (2003) investigated the aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of a morphing wing with a conformal control surface. Amprikidis and Cooper (2003) developed a smart spar for active aeroelastic structures and performed windtunnel testing of their model. Campanile and Anders (2005) introduced the belt-rib concept for variable camber airfoils and studied its aeroelastic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeroelastic Considerations on Shape Control of an Adaptive Wing

Bae

Kyong

Seigler³

et al. 2005

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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In this work, the aeroelastic effects on the shape control of an adaptive camber wing are studied through numerical simulation. The adaptive camber concept consists of a compliant beam, actuated by a series of piezoelectric actuators, embedded within the rib to deform the wing in an effort to produce a desired lift. Piezoelectric laminated plate theory is used to model the actuation force and the resulting camber line shape of the wing. The aerodynamic forces are calculated using two-dimensional airfoil theory and a feedback shape control algorithm is applied to obtain the desired camber. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the deformations due to aerodynamic forces are large enough to significantly alter the total lift produced by the wing as compared with the lift produced solely through actuation. Using an adaptive control algorithm, aeroelastic shape control of the adaptive camber wing is successfully achieved. Moreover, it is shown that, due to aerodynamic forces, the power requirements of shape control might be reduced.

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Development of Smart Spars for Active Aeroelastic Structures

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Design and aerodynamic characteristics of a span morphing wing

Design and aerodynamic characteristics of a span morphing wing

Experimental Studies on Active Shape Control of Composite Structures using SMA Actuators

Aeroelastic Considerations on Shape Control of an Adaptive Wing

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