Development of Small‐Scale Monitoring and Modeling Strategies for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have the advantages of high energy density, stable working voltage, long cycling life, and no memory effect. They have been widely used as power sources for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, during periods of usage or storage, some unfavorable factors such as thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and growth of lithium dendrites can severely reduce the reliability and safety of LIBs. Therefore, an accurate health estimation system and a reliable life expectancy strategy toward LIBs have been proved significantly important. However, due to the large volume and high price, most characterization methods in the laboratory cannot be applied directly to commercial electric devices. Therefore, small portable monitor methods are more practical. In this review, we first systematically reviewed the recent progress of modeling methods towards LIBs. Some typical modeling strategies (e. g., thermal models, electrical models and aging models) and advanced sensors which can be imbedded in LIBs are emphatically introduced and compared. At last, some promising directions of development on portable in‐situ monitor strategies are also predicted and supposed.

Temperature-Immune, Wide-Range Flexible Robust Pressure Sensors for Harsh Environments

“…The interior of a dynamic lithium-ion battery involves a complex physical field comprising temperature and pressure, which significantly challenges the stability of sensors in resisting multiple environmental stresses. − In order to evaluate the sensor’s ability to withstand high cyclic pressure in a prolonged and rigorous environment, we positioned the sensor outside the jelly roll cell of the power battery to measure the internal cell expansion pressure during the charging and discharging process. The sensor’s temperature insensitivity allowed for pressure monitoring that is not influenced by the temperature generated by the power battery during the charging and discharging process.…”

Ag(e)ing and Degradation of Supercapacitors: Causes, Mechanisms, Models and Countermeasures

“…A reduced-order physics-based model has been developed to support systems combining batteries and EDLC-type supercapacitors [ 194 ]. For comparison and further inspiration, ageing models developed for lithium-ion batteries have been considered [ 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 ]. Descriptions and models of performance and ageing of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including EDLC supercapacitors based on thermodynamics, have been developed [ 200 ].…”

Freestanding and Flexible Interfacial Layer Enables Bottom-Up Zn Deposition Toward Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries

“…With the dramatic growth of electrochemical energy storage market, the battery safety issue has become a worldwide problem [1,2]. One of the radical solutions is developing aqueous battery systems to eliminate the potential safety hazard from flammable organic electrolyte [3,4].…”