Development of Size Reduction Equations for Calculating Energy Input for Grinding Lignocellulosic Particles

Naimi, Ladan J.; Sokhansanj, S.; Bi, Xiaotao; Lim, C. Jim; Womac, A. R.; Lau, Anthony; Melin, Staffan

doi:10.13031/2013.42523

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Only a few works address the environmental assessment of the grinding process exclusively in terms of ecology [45][46][47][48][49]. In many works, specific energy consumption and fragmentation degree have been indicated as two basic criteria for the assessment of this process [50][51][52][53]. Flizikowski et al [45] proposed an environmental efficiency index to assess the grinding process defined as a ratio of CO 2 emissions produced by grinding to the biomass energy use for outlays in the form of emissions of equivalent CO 2 in the process of grinding (Table S2, Equation (1)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Environmental Assessment of the Comminution Process in the Chain of Biomass Energy Processing †

Kruszelnicka

2020

Energies

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Acquiring energy contained in biomass requires its prior appropriate preparation. These treatments require some energy inputs, which significantly affect the reduction of the energy and the environmental balance in the entire life cycle of the biomass energy processing chain. In connection with the above, the aim of this work is to develop a methodology for the environmental assessment of biomass grinding in the processing chain for energy purposes. The research problem is formulated as follows: Is it possible to provide an assessment model that takes into account the environmental inputs and benefits of the grinding process of biomass intended for further energy use (for example, combustion)? How do the control variables of the grinding machine affect the environmental process evaluation? In response to these research problems, an original, carbon dioxide emission assessment index of the biomass grinding process was developed. The model was verified by assessing the process of rice and maize grinding on a real object—a five-disc mill—with various speed settings of the grinding disc. It was found that the carbon dioxide emission assessment model developed provides the possibility of comparing grinding processes and identifying the grinding process with a better CO2 emission balance, where its values depend on the control parameters of the mill.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Environmental Assessment of the Comminution Process in the Chain of Biomass Energy Processing †

Kruszelnicka

2020

Energies

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“…Although Von Rittinger's law was developed for the mineral industry, recent studies [10,37,44] suggest its applicability to determine the energy demand for grinding lignocellulosic biomass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From wood chips to pellets to milled pellets: The mechanical processing pathway of Austrian pine and European beech

et al. 2019

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This study assesses the changes in physical properties (particle size, shape, density) of Austrian pine (softwood) and European beech (hardwood), as they are mechanically processed from wood chips to pellets and then to milled pellets. A series of semi-industrial hammer mills and a semi-industrial pellet mill were used. The specific pelletizing and grinding energy, as well as the pellet mill and hammer mill capacity, were determined. Size, shape, and bulk density of the wood particles obtained at each processing step were studied. The pellet quality was analyzed according to international standards. Results show that the pelletization modifies the internal pellet particle shape and length due to the breakage of particles across their longest dimension, leading to more circular and less elongated particles. However, the particle width was nearly unaffected, indicating a directional fracture behavior for wood particles during pelletization.The particle breaking effect was more dominant for beech particles. Beech contained a lower amount of extractives than pine that led to higher specific pelletizing energy. In addition, beech Masche et al. / Mechanical processing pathway of wood / 2 pellets had a lower quality concerning durability and density. Relationships between specific grinding energies and characteristic product particle sizes were also determined. E.g., the specific energy for grinding pine pellets was about 10 kWh/t oven-dry wood for a characteristic product size of 0.8 mm, while grinding beech pellets required about 7 kWh/t oven-dry wood for a characteristic product size of 0.6 mm. The study concludes that less energy is needed to pelletize pine than beech under the same processing conditions, but more energy is needed to mill pine than beech.

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“…The energy consumption and particle size were related as: E=ax b (18) Where, E= specific comminution energy, J/gx= comminution ratio(ratio of average size of initial biomass to average size of comminuted particles)a and b = regression constants. In another development, the Kick's, Rittinger's and Bond's equations were used to grind hard wood and soft wood (Naimi., Sokhansanj., Bi., Lim., Womac., Lau et al, 2013). It was observed that the predicted specific comminution energy fitted best using Rittinger's equation followed by Bond's and Kick's equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Assessment of Comminution Energy Equations (Models) Using Some Selected Legumes, Tubers, Cereals and Sea Food

Olosunde,

Akpan,

Antia

2023

Am. J. Geo Spat. Technol.

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The quest to predict more precisely energy that is just enough to achieve closely any desired final particle size of food material subjected to comminution is necessary. This is to avoid energy wastage, obtain finer product size(s) that are uniform and can encourage easy mixing, dehydration/drying, etc. In this regard, some selected legumes (soybeans and beans), cereals (sorghum, millet, corn and wheat), sea food (crayfish) and tubers (cassava and yam) were subjected to comminution through the application of some major energy equations (models); as they find various applications in food industries. Four energy equations (models) namely the Kick’s, Rittinger’s and Bond’s for size reduction and the OruaAntia’s minimum energy equation for mass-size reduction were employed. The constant in each equation (model) to be applied in grinding of selected food materials was determined and used in obtaining the required specific energy of comminution needed to accomplish desired final product size(s). The corresponding grinding time expected to achieve the desired final product were computed and used in operating the grinding machine. Results revealed that the OruaAntia’s minimum energy equation for mass-size reduction operation may be applied on the selected food materials to achieve very closely any desired final average particle diameter with a percentage deviation of 1.66% followed with Rittinger’s equation having average percentage deviation of 6.88%. Technical analysis re-affirm that Kick’s equation could only achieve coarse particles as the final particle size showed average percentage deviation of 38.40%, while Bond’s equation may be limited to prediction of coarse and intermediate particles; since the final particle size average percentage deviation was 16.19%. Besides using Rittinger’s energy equation to obtain fine particles, the use of Orua Antia minimum energy equation may possibly further achieve desired finer particle size(s).

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Development of Size Reduction Equations for Calculating Energy Input for Grinding Lignocellulosic Particles

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

A New Model for Environmental Assessment of the Comminution Process in the Chain of Biomass Energy Processing †

A New Model for Environmental Assessment of the Comminution Process in the Chain of Biomass Energy Processing †

From wood chips to pellets to milled pellets: The mechanical processing pathway of Austrian pine and European beech

Comparative Assessment of Comminution Energy Equations (Models) Using Some Selected Legumes, Tubers, Cereals and Sea Food

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