Development of Sequence‐characterized DNA Markers Linked to Temperature Insensitivity for Fruit Production in Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Cultivars

Abstract

In this paper, we characterize a temperature dependence in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) cultivars using the high annealing temperature random-amplified polymorphic DNA (HAT-RAPD) methodology. This form of genomic analysis allows a random sampling of the complete genome to provide information about phenotypic traits of interest. Using a set of 18 unique decamer primers, polymorphic bands ranging from 100 to 2500 bp were examined for 14 longan varieties from which banding patterns of interest were selected for conversion to the more reproducible and robust sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. In particular, one SCAR marker produced an electrophoresis banding pattern which could distinguish between longan varieties requiring a sustained interval at low temperatures for fruit production vs. those that do not. This band was composed of a nucleotide region 275 bases in length (DQ539047) in which the initial 90 nucleotides were >85 % identical to the 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) reductase gene. OPDA is an immediate precursor to jasmonic acid which has been described as the Ômaster switchÕ for lipid-derived environmental signalling to factors such as flowering and osmotic stress. The possible involvement of the jamonic acid signalling pathway could explain the recent success of potassium chlorate to induce off-season flowering and fruit formation.

Development of a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for female off-season flowering detection in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

“…Previous studies of off-season flowering in other fruit trees have reported the use of chemical reagents to induce off-season flowering, such as potassium chlorate (KClO 3 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and nitric oxide (NO) in longan (Cutler et al 2007;Manochai et al 2005;Subhadrabandhu and Yapwattanaphun 2001;Zhang et al 2016), and paclobutrazol in mango (Husen et al 2021;Nartvaranant et al 2000). Furthermore, the application of external hormones (Astiari et al 2021), light intensity (Nguyen et al 2020), or physical stresses (Kulkarni 1986) can stimulate off-season flowering as well.…”

Detection of DNA Hypomethylation Mediated Floral Induction in Longan and Spinach Using the HAT-RAPD Technique

“…By understanding the mechanism of action inducing this out of season fruit production, insight into other tropical fruits may lead to further advances making other fruits such as Lychee or Longong similarly available. Recently, molecular markers linked to the temperature independence for fruit production phenotype in both Lychee [9] and Longan [10] have been reported. In spinach, potassium chlorate and 5-azacytidine-treated spinach both develop an early flowering phenotype [11] , indicating that potassium chlorate might also play a similar role to 5azacytidine [12] .…”

Phylogenetic Diversity of Ficus Species Using HAT-RAPD Markers as a Measure of Genomic Polymorphism

“…One such method uses sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers [14] to amplify unique regions in different varieties or species. Such a methodology has been successfully demonstrated in a characterization of the temperature dependence of lychee cultivars [15], longan cultivars [16], as well as in the cut flower Curcuma [17]. By extracting a single genetically defined loci, the presence or absence of an amplified band can be used as a distinguishing unique character of that species or clade of species.…”