Development of self-powered strain sensor using mechano-luminescent ZnS:Cu and mechano-optoelectronic P3HT

Pulliam, Elias; Hoover, George; Tiparti, Dhruv; Ryu, Donghyeon

doi:10.1117/12.2260318

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Note that this is a part of the mechano-optoelectronic composite structure being developed as a functional component of the autonomous structural composites capable of self-powered strain sensing. [39][40][41] The P3HT:PCBM or PEDOT:PSS film was prepared on pre-tension strained PDMS. Upon release of the pre-strain, the film experiences compression leading to buckling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct numerical simulation of buckling instability of thin films on a compliant substrate

Nikravesh

Ryu

Shen

2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Surface buckling (wrinkling) driven by mechanical instability is commonly observed in thin-film structures with a compliant substrate. The resulting undulation, while sometimes undesirable, has been increasingly exploited to enhance mechanical and/or functional performances of many thin film devices. In this study a practical finite element modeling approach is introduced to simulate wrinkle formation in thin films atop a compliant substrate. The proposed technique is robust and easy to implement, and it overcomes typical challenges in computationally modeling the buckling instability. Using a two-dimensional geometry under the plane strain or generalized plane strain conditions, with randomly distributed imperfections bearing different material properties at the film/substrate interface, we demonstrate the model's capability in triggering surface instability during direct compression and out-of-plane tensile loading. With sufficient mesh refinement, the predicted wrinkling wavelength, amplitude, and critical strain to activate wrinkle formation are shown to be close to analytical solutions. The effect of imperfection distribution is systematically studied, and a valid range of imperfection spacing is identified. The present numerical approach can be applied to predicting buckling instability in the design and analysis of thin film/compliant substrate systems over a wide range of material and geometric conditions. Directions for future studies are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While corrugated films showed improved mechanical resiliency, their optoelectronic performance may be affected. 39,41 Developing a robust numerical methodology to predict wrinkling is thus essential in designing the composite layout along with its fabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct numerical simulation of buckling instability of thin films on a compliant substrate

Nikravesh

Ryu

Shen

2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…In particular, the majority of studies in the process-structure-property (PSP) relationship of P3ATs were conducted to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the organic photovoltaics (OPV) by optimizing the nano-structures of the P3ATs [7,10,11,15]. Mechano-optoelectronic (MO) thin films are known to generate electrical energy in a form of the direct current (DC) by harvesting the radiant energy from an external light source and exhibit the strain-sensitive DC generation when the thin films are subjected to the mechanical strains [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In the previous studies by Ryu [17][18][19][20][21]24], it was shown that the generated DC varied with the magnitude of a mechanical strain that the MO thin films are subjected to.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-optoelectronic and micromechanical properties of conjugated polymeric thin films with nano-structured lamellae

Ryu,

Mongare,

Plant

et al. 2024

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XVIII

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In this study, we aim to deepen understanding about the process-structure-property (PSP) relationship of the mechanooptoelectronic thin films where the conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymers form nano-structured lamellae. The MO thin films are known for the multifunctional capability of the radiant-electrical energy conversion and the direct current (DC)-based strain sensing capability. In the MO thin films, the p-type semiconducting P3HTs form crystalline domains along with n-type semiconducting fullerene derivatives to form p-n bulk heterojunction (BHJ), where holes and electrons are dissociated to generate DC upon the photonic energy introduction at the p-n junctions (i.e., the radiantelectrical energy conversion). In addition, it was shown that the optoelectronic property of the P3HT-based thin film was affected by the amount of the mechanical strain by which the thin film was stretched (i.e., MO property). The MO property has been hypothesized to be attributed to the varying nano-structures of P3HTs resulting from the macro-scale mechanical strain applied onto the P3HT-based thin films. As it is known that the nano-structures of P3HTs are greatly influenced by the manufacturing processes, we plan to study how the P3HTs' nano-structures are affected by the spin-coating and the air-brushing processes to understand the PSP relationship of the P3HT-based MO thin films.

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“…Of many multifunctional composites employed for devising self-powered strain sensors, multifunctional mechano-luminescence-optoelectronic (MLO) composites were recently proposed to sense tensile strain using direct current (DC) [ 11 , 20 ]. DC (i.e., electrical energy) was generated from the MLO composites subjected to cyclic tensile loading and unloading (i.e., mechanical energy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrugated Photoactive Thin Films for Flexible Strain Sensor

Ryu

Mongare

2018

Materials

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In this study, a flexible strain sensor is devised using corrugated bilayer thin films consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene(sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). In previous studies, the P3HT-based photoactive non-corrugated thin film was shown to generate direct current (DC) under broadband light, and the generated DC voltage varied with applied tensile strain. Yet, the mechanical resiliency and strain sensing range of the P3HT-based thin film strain sensor were limited due to brittle non-corrugated thin film constituents. To address this issue, it is aimed to design a mechanically resilient strain sensor using corrugated thin film constituents. Buckling is induced to form corrugation in the thin films by applying pre-strain to the substrate, where the thin films are deposited, and releasing the pre-strain afterwards. It is known that corrugated thin film constituents exhibit different optical and electronic properties from non-corrugated ones. Therefore, to design the flexible strain sensor, it was studied to understand how the applied pre-strain and thickness of the PEDOT:PSS conductive thin film affects the optical and electrical properties. In addition, strain effect was investigated on the optical and electrical properties of the corrugated thin film constituents. Finally, flexible strain sensors are fabricated by following the design guideline, which is suggested from the studies on the corrugated thin film constituents, and the DC voltage strain sensing capability of the flexible strain sensors was validated. As a result, the flexible strain sensor exhibited a tensile strain sensing range up to 5% at a frequency up to 15 Hz with a maximum gauge factor ~7.

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Development of self-powered strain sensor using mechano-luminescent ZnS:Cu and mechano-optoelectronic P3HT

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Direct numerical simulation of buckling instability of thin films on a compliant substrate

Direct numerical simulation of buckling instability of thin films on a compliant substrate

Mechano-optoelectronic and micromechanical properties of conjugated polymeric thin films with nano-structured lamellae

Corrugated Photoactive Thin Films for Flexible Strain Sensor

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