Development of Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities in Japan

Abstract

The Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities was established in 1982 in advance of those in other industrial fields, the only exception being that for nuclear power plants. In 1995, Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake caused approximately 6000 deaths and more than $1 billion (US) loss of property in the Kobe area, Japan. This unexpected disaster underlined the idea that industrial facilities should pay special consideration to damages including ground failure due to the liquefaction. Strong ground motions caused serious damage to urban structures in the area. Thus, the Seismic Design Code of the High Pressure Gas Facilities were improved to include two-step design assessments, that is, for Level 1 earthquakes (operating basis earthquake: a probable strong earthquake during the service life of the facilities), and Level 2 earthquakes (safety shutdown earthquake: a possible strongest earthquake with extremely low probability of occurrence). For Level 2 earthquakes, ground failure by possible liquefaction will be taken into account. For a Level 1 earthquake, the required seismic performance is that the system must remain safe without critical damage after the earthquake, including no gas leakage. For a Level 2 earthquake, the required seismic performance is that the system must remain safe without gas leakage. This means a certain non-elastic deformation without gas leakage may be allowed. The High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan set up the Seismic Safety Promotion Committee to modify their code, in advance of other industries, and has continued to investigate more effective seismic design practices for more than 5 years. The final version of the guidelines has established design practices for the both Level 1 and Level 2 earthquakes. In this paper, the activities of the committee, their new design concepts and scope of applications are explained.

Development of Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities

“…A new seismic design method, considering nonlinear deformation behavior, for the seismic safety of pressure vessels, tanks and their supporting structures against earthquake was established by Akiyama (Akiyama 1998, Shibata 2004). This method is called the "ultimate design method", and is derived from the equilibrium equation between the input energy exerted by an earthquake and the energy absorption capacity of a structure such as a pressure vessel, tank or piping .…”

Coupling between beam-type vibration and oval-type vibration of a cylindrical water storage tank

“…The recent trend of using a large water storage tank calls for the development [3] of sophisticated seismic-proof design practices that strike a balance between seismic resistance and economy. The sophistication of design practices requires a detailed understanding of the vibratory behaviours of a water storage tank during an earthquake.…”