Development of Scheelite Tailings-Based Ceramic Formulations with the Potential to Manufacture Porcelain Tiles, Semi-Stoneware and Stoneware

Abstract

New ceramic formulations based on scheelite tailing were developed, and their potential in the ceramic industry was evaluated. Green bodies with different contents of scheelite tailing (0–8 wt%) were sintered (1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C) and characterized in terms of the main mineralogical phases, microstructure, and physico-mechanical properties. The mullite was the main phase identified in all sintered temperatures. This result was also ratified with the aid of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, in which small needles of the mullite were detected. The presence of mullite is required because it contributes to increasing the mechanical resistance of the material. The physico-mechanical properties measured (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and flexural strength) were compared to the ISO 13006, and the samples sintered at 1150 °C presented potential to be used as semi-stoneware, while those sintered at 1200 °C and 1250 °C can be employed stoneware and porcelain tiles, respectively.

Durability of Sustainable Ceramics Produced by Alkaline Activation of Clay Brick Residue

“…Generally, the red ceramic residues generated before the sintering step are reintroduced to the production process, but the residues generated after the sintering step are often discarded in inappropriate places causing damage to the environment. In the past decades, the environmental awareness of society has grown, and several studies have focused on developing new materials from the reuse of industrial waste to contribute to sustainable development [2][3][4][5][6].…”

‘‘Influence of air entrainers on the properties of hydrated lime mortars’’

“…The initial weight of the sand sample was 32.249 mg. DTA results indicate three endothermic peaks. The first peak corresponds to dehydration of silicates in the range of 60 to 260 • C. At higher temperatures, around 571 • C, an endothermic peak was observed, indicating transformation from α to β-quartz [44]. Afterwards, the last, third peak, at the temperature around 650 • C to 700 • C probably corresponds to crystallization of β-quartz [45].…”

Incorporation of Bentonite Mining Waste in Ceramic Formulations for the Manufacturing of Porcelain Stoneware

“…Given this scenario, studies on the reuse of mining waste have intensified in recent years to reduce the impacts caused by incorrect allocation. Numerous mining residues have been successfully reused as an alternative raw material to manufacture sustainable materials, such as ceramic refractories [17,18], ceramic tiles [19][20][21], bricks [22][23][24][25][26], roof tiles [27][28][29][30], porous ceramics [31][32][33][34], and sanitary ware [35], among others. Various mining waste types stand out, including iron ore tailings [36][37][38], kaolin waste [39,40], scheelite [41,42], ornamental rock waste [43,44], perlite waste [45][46][47][48], etc.…”