Development of salt-resistant maize hybrids: The combination of physiological strategies using conventional breeding methods

Schubert, Sven; Neubert, Anja; Schierholt, Antje; Sümer, Ali; Zörb, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.05.011

Cited by 139 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…De Costa et al (2007) observed stunted maize growth with dark green leaves without any toxicity symptoms during the first phase of salt stress, owing to impaired extension growth as osmotic adjustment and turgor maintenance were not limiting. Likewise, growth of salt-resistant hybrids proved that it was not turgor but cell wall extensibility which restricted cell extension growth during the first phase of salt stress (Van Volkenburgh and Boyer 1985;Schubert 2009;Schubert et al 2009).…”

Section: Germination and Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, noncyclic electron transport is downregulated to match the reduced requirements of reduced (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) production and thus reduces adenosine triphosphate synthesis 2.4 Grain development and yield Grain weight and number are important indicators for appraising final grain yield of cereals (Farooq et al 2011. Salt stress in maize, during the reproductive phase, decreases grain weight (Abdullah et al 2001;Kaya et al 2013) and number (Abdullah et al 2001;Schubert et al 2009;Kaya et al 2013), resulting in substantial reductions in grain yield (Abdullah et al 2001;Schubert et al 2009;Kaya et al 2013). Salinityinduced reductions in photosynthesis and sink limitations are the major causes of poor kernel setting and reduced grain number (Hiyane et al 2010;Schubert 2011).…”

Section: Diminished Activities Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a saline environment, root tips are the first to sense impaired water availability due to the osmotic effect sending a signal to shoots to adjust whole-plant metabolism (Schubert 2009). Therefore, higher abscisic acid accumulation in salt-resistant hybrids than in the salt-sensitive maize hybrid (Pioneer 3906) under salt stress highlighted the importance of abscisic acid accumulation for salt resistance during the first phase of salinity stress (Schubert 2009;Schubert et al 2009). The reduced sensitivity of leaf growth to increased abscisic acid concentrations under salt stress may be related to a growth-promoting function regulated by abscisic acid during the first phase of salt stress (de Costa et al 2007).…”

Section: Hormonal Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of plants to survive and produce harvestable yields under salt stress is called salt resistance. Salt resistance is a complex phenomenon, and plants manifest a variety of adaptations at subcellular, cellular, and organ levels such as stomatal regulation, ion homeostasis, hormonal balance, activation of the antioxidant defense system, osmotic adjustment, and maintenance of tissue water status to grow successfully under salinity (Neubert et al 2005;de Azevedo Neto et al 2006;Hichem et al 2009;Schubert et al 2009;Kaya et al 2010;Jafar et al 2012). An integrated approach encompassing conventional breeding together with marker-assisted selection, biotechnology, exogenous use of growth regulators/ osmoprotectants, and nutrient management may be needed for successful maize cultivation on salt-affected soils (Eker et al 2006;Gunes et al 2007;Janmohammadi et al 2008;Kaya et al 2010;Li et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Farooq

Hussain

Wakeel

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

570

383

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Maize is grown under a wide spectrum of soil and climatic conditions. Maize is moderately sensitive to salt stress; therefore, soil salinity is a serious threat to its production worldwide. Understanding maize response to salt stress and resistance mechanisms and overviewing management options may help to devise strategies for improved maize performance in saline environments. Here, we reviewed the effects, resistance mechanisms, and management of salt stress in maize. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) germination and stand establishment are more sensitive to salt stress than later developmental stages. (2) High rhizosphere sodium and chloride decrease plant uptake of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. (3) Reduced grain weight and number are responsible for low grain yield in maize under salt stress. Sink limitations and reduced acid invertase activity in developing grains is responsible for poor kernel setting under salt stress. (4) Exclusion of excessive sodium or its compartmentation into vacuoles is an important adaptive strategy for maize under salt stress. (5) Apoplastic acidification, required for cell wall extensibility, is an important indicator of salt resistance, but not essential for better maize growth under salt stress. (6) Upregulation of antioxidant defense genes and β-expansin proteins is important for salt resistance in maize. (7) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve salt resistance in maize due to better plant nutrient availability. (8) Seed priming is an effective approach for improving maize germination under salt stress. (9) Integration of screening, breeding and ion homeostasis mechanisms into a functional paradigm for the whole plant may help to enhance salt resistance in maize.

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Section: Germination and Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diminished Activities Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hormonal Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Farooq

Hussain

Wakeel

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

570

383

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Schubert et al (2009) grew maize in very large pots through to grain maturity and found that increases in yield were associated only with a combination of Na + exclusion and osmotic stress tolerance whereas hybrids with just Na + exclusion were insufficient.…”

Section: Impact Of the Osmotic Stress On Grain Yield In A Saline Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ancestral wheat sodium exclusion genes Nax1 and Nax2 on grain yield of durum wheat on saline soils

James

Blake

Zwart

et al. 2012

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. Nax1 and Nax2 are two genetic loci that control the removal of Na + from the xylem and thereby help to exclude Na + from leaves of plants in saline soil. They originate in the wheat ancestral relative Triticum monococcum L. and are not present in modern durum or bread wheat. The Nax1 and Nax2 loci carry TmHKT1;4-A2 and TmHKT1;5-A, respectively, which are the candidate genes for these functions. This paper describes the development of near-isogenic breeding lines suitable for assessing the impact of the Nax loci and their performance in controlled environment and fields of varying salinity. In young plants grown in 150 mM NaCl, Nax1 reduced the leaf Na + concentration by 3-fold, Nax2 by 2-fold and both Nax1 and Nax2 together by 4-fold. In 250 mM NaCl, Nax1 promoted leaf longevity and greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. In the uppermost leaf, the Na + -excluding effect of the Nax loci was much stronger. In the field, Na + in the flag leaf was reduced 100-fold by Nax1 and 4-fold by Nax2; however, Nax1 lines yielded 5-10% less than recurrent parent (cv. Tamaroi) in saline soil. In contrast, Nax2 lines had no yield penalty and at high salinity they yielded close to 25% more than Tamaroi, indicating this material is suitable for breeding commercial durum wheat with improved yield on saline soils.

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Salt Resistance of Crop Plants: Physiological Characterization of a Multigenic Trait

Schubert

2011

The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops

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Development of salt-resistant maize hybrids: The combination of physiological strategies using conventional breeding methods

Cited by 139 publications

References 39 publications

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Impact of ancestral wheat sodium exclusion genes Nax1 and Nax2 on grain yield of durum wheat on saline soils

Salt Resistance of Crop Plants: Physiological Characterization of a Multigenic Trait

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