Development of Resistive Electrode Gas Electron Multiplier (RE-GEM)

Abstract

We successfully produced Resistive-Electrode Gas Electron Multiplier (RE-GEM) which has resistive electrodes instead of the metal ones which are employed for the standard GEM foils. RE-GEM has a resistive electrode of 25 µm-thick and an insulator layer of 100 µm-thick. The hole structure of RE-GEM is a single conical with the wider and narrower hole diameters of 80 µm and 60 µm, respectively. A hole pitch of RE-GEM is 140 µm. We obtained the maximum gain of about 600 and the typical energy resolution of about 20% (FWHM) at an applied voltage between the resistive electrodes of 620 V, using a collimated 8 keV X-rays from a generator in a gas mixture of 70% Ar and 30% CO 2 by volume at the atmospheric pressure. We measured the effective gain as a function of the electric field of the drift region and obtained the maximum gain at an drift field of 0.5 kV/cm.

Electrical breakdown in Thick-GEM based WELL detectors

“…Dividing the detector into smaller segments does not allow higher gains; instead, it reduces the area affected by a discharge and the corresponding discharge energy stored in the involved capacitor [10]. In recent years, the most common approach for mitigating discharges in MPGDs has been embedding resistive electrodes in the detector assembly [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. This has two roles: (i) Protecting the readout electronics by decoupling it from the energy released in the discharge.…”

Development of novel designs of spark-protected micropattern gaseous detectors with resistive electrodes

“…This work triggered a series of similar developments, which are nowadays carried out not only by our group, but by several other groups in the framework of the CERN RD51 collaboration [2]. Examples are: resistive strip RETGEM [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], resistive WELL/compteur a trou detector [11][12][13] and resistive mesh detectors [14]. The most significant among these developments was the successful conception and tests of micromesh gaseous structure (MICROMEGAS) with resistive electrodes: either with resistive cathode mesh [14] or resistive anode strips [15].…”

A sparkless resistive glass correction electrode for the spherical proportional counter

“…However, the introduction of insulating materials close to the anode induces charging-up of the electrode and results in time-dependent gain variations, with time constants depending on geometry and operational conditions. An alternative was found in the use of resistive materials as electrodes, which has been shown to reduce the spark rate and intensity in many detector designs, especially small gap micro-pattern detectors [17][18][19]. Furthermore, using resistive materials for electrodes is an effective technique to achieve higher gain operation and increased operational stability.…”

“…An alternative was found in the use of resistive materials as electrodes, which has been shown to reduce the spark rate and intensity in many detector designs, especially small gap micro-pattern detectors [17][18][19]. Furthermore, using resistive materials for electrodes is an effective technique to achieve higher gain operation and increased operational stability.…”