Development of resistance models to describe measurements of bi-directional ammonia surface–atmosphere exchange

Sutton, Mark A.; Burkhardt, Juergen; Guérin, Daniel; Nemitz, Eiko; Fowler, D.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00164-7

Cited by 201 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Subsequent studies confirmed the existence of this compensation point and found its value was in the range of 0.5-4 |xg m~3 (0.66-5.28 ppbv) with a median value between 1.5 and 2|j,gm _3 (2-2.64 ppbv) [50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Distinction can be made [57] between stomatal and canopy compensation points. The stomatal compensation point refers solely to the adsorption through the stomata, the minute openings in the epidermis of a plant through which gaseous exchange with the atmosphere takes place.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Uptake Of Ammonia By Plantsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Renard

Calidonna

Henley³

2004

Journal of Hazardous Materials

129

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Section: Mechanism Of Uptake Of Ammonia By Plantsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Renard

Calidonna

Henley³

2004

Journal of Hazardous Materials

129

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“…Forests act as both sources and sinks of NH 3 , depending on the ambient NH 3 concentration, leaf and soil N status, and other environmental factors (Duyzer et al, 1992;Wyers & Erisman, 1998;Pryor et al, 2001). For this reason, the bidirectional canopy-scale NH 3 flux was calculated using a canopy compensation point model developed by Sutton et al (1998). This is similar to the resistance model used for HNO 3 except that it includes a stomatal compensation point and soil emission.…”

Section: Long-term Data Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry nitrogen deposition estimates over a forest experiencing free air CO₂ enrichment

Sparks

Walker

Turnipseed

2007

Global Change Biology

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The quantification of atmospheric additions of nitrogen (N) to an ecosystem is often desirable, but difficult for many locations including many ecological manipulation experiments. Ideal methodologies for the complete and chemically speciated quantification of dry N deposition (e.g. tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer, thermaldissociation laser-induced fluorescence) are expensive, technologically challenging to maintain, and rarely colocated with important global change manipulation experiments. Here we present an alternative method for obtaining an approximation of total N deposition using short-term eddy flux and concentration measurements, annual regional concentration estimates, and modeling for the Duke Experimental Forest. The motivation for generating estimates for this location was to inform the long-term elevated CO 2 experiment conducted at Duke Forest. We estimated the total annual atmospheric N deposition to the forest to be 13.7 kg N ha À1 . Of this total, $58% was in dry-deposited forms. Surprisingly, and contrary to some previous predictions, nitric acid (HNO 3 ) was not the dominant portion of the total dry-deposited N, implying strongly that other forms of gaseous N like organic peroxy and alkyl nitrate compounds are a significant portion of the total flux. Furthermore, this study sheds light on the completeness of the estimates derived from Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) and other dry deposition networks. CASTNet does not measure organic forms of dry deposition. In fact, CASTNet only quantifies HNO 3 in the gas phase and may significantly underestimate total N deposition in many environments.

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“…Progress has recently been made in elucidating the mechanisms driving NH 3 air-surface exchange. Bidirectional NH 3 exchange models that include stomatal compensation points, the equilibrium surface concentration when there is no net exchange, and parametrization of dynamic leaf surface chemistry models have been developed (7,(10)(11)(12) and adapted in a number of applications (13). Also, a process-based understanding of NH 3 exchange across atmospheric-stomatal cavity and atmospheric-vegetation surface interfaces has been proposed (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of In-Canopy Ammonia Sources and Sinks in a Fertilized Zea mays Field

Bash

Walker

Katul

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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An analytical model was developed to describe in-canopy vertical distribution of ammonia (NH 3 ) sources and sinks and vertical fluxes in a fertilized agricultural setting using measured in-canopy mean NH 3 concentration and wind speed profiles. This model was applied to quantify in-canopy air-surface exchange rates and above-canopy NH 3 fluxes in a fertilized corn (Zea mays) field. Modeled air-canopy NH 3 fluxes agreed well with independent above-canopy flux estimates. Based on the model results, the urea fertilized soil surface was a consistent source of NH 3 one month following the fertilizer application, whereas the vegetation canopy was typically a net NH 3 sink with the lower portion of the canopy being a constant sink. The model results suggested that the canopy was a sink for some 70% of the estimated soil NH 3 emissions. A logical conclusion is that parametrization of within-canopy processes in air quality models are necessary to explore the impact of agricultural field level management practices on regional air quality. Moreover, there are agronomic and environmental benefits to timing liquid fertilizer applications as close to canopy closure as possible. Finally, given the large withincanopy mean NH 3 concentration gradients in such agricultural settings, a discussion about the suitability of the proposed model is also presented.

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Development of resistance models to describe measurements of bi-directional ammonia surface–atmosphere exchange

Cited by 201 publications

References 16 publications

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Dry nitrogen deposition estimates over a forest experiencing free air CO₂ enrichment

Estimation of In-Canopy Ammonia Sources and Sinks in a Fertilized Zea mays Field

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Development of resistance models to describe measurements of bi-directional ammonia surface–atmosphere exchange

Cited by 201 publications

References 16 publications

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Dry nitrogen deposition estimates over a forest experiencing free air CO2 enrichment

Estimation of In-Canopy Ammonia Sources and Sinks in a Fertilized Zea mays Field

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Product

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Dry nitrogen deposition estimates over a forest experiencing free air CO₂ enrichment