Development of Regional Labor Markets in Ukraine as a Tool to Regulate Internal Migration and Reduce Social Vulnerability

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Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has become an existential challenge and a trigger of the migration crisis. The study aims to identify migration intentions of youth and factors for the preservation of the young population in Ukraine (a case study of university youth). The study conducts a sociological survey using a Google Forms questionnaire. The sample was formed by the method of three-stage selection: (1) quotas for the share of undergraduate and graduate students; (2) the higher education institutions in Ukraine were selected by the criterion of the number of students and specialties; and (3) field of knowledge. The sample size is calculated based on the resampling method and included 2,200 people from all regions in Ukraine (except Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts). The study reveals that 10% of students plan to go abroad in the near future before graduation, 30% plan to stay in Ukraine only if the socio-economic situation improves after the end of the war, and 28.3% plan to migrate after graduation. The reasons for positive migration aspirations among students are socio-economic and security issues (14.9% can find a job abroad in the short term, 11.1% see the lack of further prospects in Ukraine even after the end of the war). Monitoring of youth migration processes across two vectors – current volumes and potential aspirations – can serve as an information and analytical basis for the development of a new vision of the country’s migration security strategy to preserve human resources in Ukraine.

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth migration during war: Triggers of positive aspirations and preservation of human resources in Ukraine

Vasyltsiv,

Lupak,

Mulska

et al. 2024

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“…Given that migration is mostly a consequence of changes in the quality of life caused by social (security and safety) and economic (employment, income, and well-being) factors, the interrelations and interactions between the competitiveness, functioning and development of regional labor markets, on the one hand, and the dynamics of migration, on the other, are most often studied in terms of job dissatisfaction and forced migration (Falk et al, 2011;Ruiz & Vargas-Silva, 2013), long-term implications of migration and problems of destabilization of labor supply and demand (Sarvimäki et al, 2009), social and labor conflicts and migration aspirations of workers (Kondylis & Mueller, 2014), social skills in the labor market and migration intentions (Deming, 2017), intensification of migration due to structural imbalances in regional labor markets (Mulska et al, 2022;Semiv et al, 2021), the strengthening of pushpull factors of the population (Levytska et al, 2020;Mulska et al, 2020;Mulska et al, 2021), and the state policy of structural reform of established labor markets to rethink the tasks of their resilience in accordance with changes in the volume and structure of internal and external migration (Long, 2014).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitiveness of regional labor markets as a determinant of international migration: A nexus empirical study

Vasyltsiv,

Levytska,

Shushkova

et al. 2023

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A large-scale migration from Ukraine caused by russian military aggression has triggered new security challenges to the national and regional economies. The paper aims to assess the competitiveness of regional labor markets and examine its nexus with international out-migration (on the example of the Carpathian region of Ukraine). The research methods include a composite approach (assessment of labor market competitiveness), the theory of sensitivity (identification of degree of sensitivity of composite and partial indices to changes in indicators), nonlinear regression (determination of dependence of the international out-migration on labor market competitiveness), and econometric nonlinear optimization (calculation of critical values of migration). The information and analytical basis comprises indicators reflecting the development of labor markets and international migrations in the oblasts of the Carpathian region in 2008–2021. The study reveals that the level of labor market competitiveness in the region mainly remained below the national average. Two groups of indicators dominated the structure of composite indices of labor market competitiveness in the region’s oblasts: institutional capacity (indicators measuring the ability of regulatory institutions and labor market entities to provide adequate support to the unemployed and promote employment) and labor motivation (wage and income indicators). Only Lviv oblast demonstrated resilience and growth of competitiveness, which was reflected in moderate out-migration. Meanwhile, the intensity of international out-migration in Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi oblasts (with worse labor market parameters) exceeded the estimated critical values. The paper confirms that low competitiveness of the labor market is a factor increasing migration losses. AcknowledgmentThis study has been conducted with the support of the Virtual Ukraine Institute for Advanced Study (VUIAS) Fellowship Programme, 2023/2024.

“…In fact, according to previous studies, the lack of available housing and limited employment opportunities are the main problems of internally displaced persons in the host society(Sadova et al, 2014;Voznyak et al, 2023). spatial changes in the labor market; sectoral imbalances due to the loss of established production, logistics, trade, and other links(Mulska et al, 2022b;Porkuian et al, 2023).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of internally displaced persons in host communities under conditions of war in Ukraine: The role of local governments

Voznyak,

Mulska,

Druhov

et al. 2023

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The aggravation of the migration crisis in the country against the background of socio-economic instability in conditions of war has triggered the deterioration of the institutional and economic capacity of local governments to ensure further integration of internally displaced persons in the host society. The article aims to identify the resource and economic capacity of local governments in conditions of war to ensure the needs and adaptation of internally displaced persons to new living conditions (using the example of Pidberiztsivska Territorial Community of Lvivska Oblast). The research is based on a questionnaire survey in the form of in-depth interviews with the representatives of local governments. The sample consists of 20 persons; strata are formed in accordance with the staff units of local governments (head of the village council; representatives of the community’s administrative center and starostyn districts; heads of structural units of the village council). The paper emphasizes that local governments face a great challenge in ensuring the adaptation of internally displaced persons in the community, mainly related to the lack of free housing (according to 76.2% of respondents) and the labor surplus in the local market (over 20%). The results show that the majority of internally displaced persons see the community only as a place of “waiting” and seek to return to the former residence place (68.4% of the interviewed representatives of local government), so they shouldn’t be deemed as a potential community asset. Proactive tools for increasing the resource and economic capacity of local governments to ensure further integration of internally displaced persons include interaction with regional authorities, efficient use of the capacity of relocated businesses, cooperation with charitable foundations and NGOs to solve housing problems and create additional high-wage jobs.