Development of real-time PCR-based methods for the detection of enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 in goats

Apostolidi, Evangelia; Psalla, Dimitra; Chassalevris, Taxiarchis; Chaintoutis, Serafeim C.; Giadinis, Nektarios D.; Psychas, V.; Dovas, Chrysostomos Ι.

doi:10.1007/s00705-018-04138-0

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One amplicon from sequenced Greek nodavirus isolate 3Gr.A.2012, classified as RGNNV according to phylogenetic analysis, was cloned; RNA transcripts were prepared as previously described (Apostolidi et al, ); and tenfold serial dilutions of the RNA transcripts were tested in triplicate to determine the amplification efficiency of the assay.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and molecular characterization of betanodaviruses in fish and invertebrates of the Greek territorial waters

Bitchava

Chassalevris

Lampou

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Betanodaviruses are small ssRNA viruses that cause viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, a severe neuropathological infectious disease in marine fish species worldwide. In the present study, the occurrence of betanodaviruses was investigated in wild and cultured populations of fishes and invertebrates of the Greek territorial waters. Betanodaviruses were detected in 35 species belonging to 21 families and 12 orders. To our knowledge, 23 of those are reported for the first time in Greek waters, while 11 of them are reported for the first time globally. The positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial segments of RNA1 and RNA2 genes. Almost all the viruses circulating in Greece fell within RGNNV genotype, while reassortant viruses were detected in three samples, namely two inter‐RGNNV and one RGNNV/SJNNV. A novel unclassified Betanodavirus sequence was also identified. Most of the Greek sequence types have a restricted geographic distribution except for two RNA1 and one RNA2 sequence types that are widespread throughout the Mediterranean basin. The results of this study indicate the range of reservoirs/hosts of betanodaviruses and also their wide spread in the Greek territorial waters and reinforce the hypothesis that wild fish species transmit the virus to cultured ones and vice versa.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and molecular characterization of betanodaviruses in fish and invertebrates of the Greek territorial waters

Bitchava

Chassalevris

Lampou

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…ENTV belongs to the genus Betaretrovirus in the family Retroviridae. The ENTV genome is a single, positive-stranded RNA of 7.5 kb with a retroviral genome structure, 5 -U5-gag-pro-pol-env-U3-3 , consisting of four open reading frames (ORFs) and flanking untranslated regions and terminal repeats (LTRs) [115]. ENTV is genetically similar to jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), the causative virus of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA).…”

Section: Prevention and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of ENA is routinely accomplished through epidemiological analysis, observation of specific clinical signs, and pathological findings at necropsy (nasal adeno-carcinoma in the nasal cavity). The tumor arises from the ethmoidal mucosa and is gray or reddish-white in color, with a multilobular, granular, or soft surface [115,118,128]. The gross pathology and histopathology of ENA in sheep and goats are identical.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of molecular biology technology and the availability of more information on ENTV genome sequences, highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective conventional PCR or real-time PCR (qPCR) methods have been developed and widely used for the rapid detection of ENTV [115,134,135]. For ENTV-1, specific PCR and RT-PCR amplifying LTR and U5-gag regions have been developed [117], respectively (Table 5).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Progress on Emerging Viral Pathogens of Small Ruminants in China during the Last Decade

Fei

et al. 2022

Viruses

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China is the country with the largest number of domestic small ruminants in the world. Recently, the intensive and large-scale sheep/goat raising industry has developed rapidly, especially in nonpastoral regions. Frequent trading, allocation, and transportation result in the introduction and prevalence of new pathogens. Several new viral pathogens (peste des petits ruminants virus, caprine parainfluenza virus type 3, border disease virus, enzootic nasal tumor virus, caprine herpesvirus 1, enterovirus) have been circulating and identified in China, which has attracted extensive attention from both farmers and researchers. During the last decade, studies examining the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and vaccines for these emerging viruses have been conducted. In this review, we focus on the latest findings and research progress related to these newly identified viral pathogens in China, discuss the current situation and problems, and propose research directions and prevention strategies for different diseases in the future. Our aim is to provide comprehensive and valuable information for the prevention and control of these emerging viruses and highlight the importance of surveillance of emerging or re-emerging viruses.

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“…14,19 The pathology, epidemiology, transmission, genetic resistance, and ante-mortem tests of the associated diseases have been reported. 1,2, 5,7,16,28 Despite these achievements, information regarding the interactions of these viruses with the immune system still very limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exogenous Small Ruminant Betaretrovirus Envelope Protein Is Detected in Draining Lymph Nodes in Contagious Respiratory Tumors of Sheep and Goats

et al. 2020

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Contagious respiratory tumors of sheep and goats are epithelial neoplasms of the lung and nasal cavities. They are associated with oncogenic betaretroviruses known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and enzootic nasal tumor retrovirus of sheep and goats. We investigated the presence of the envelope protein (ENV) of these retroviruses in retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph nodes using a specific monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry methods, single-labeled or combined with ovine B or T lymphocytes or macrophage cell markers. Samples of lymph nodes, fixed in formalin and zinc fixative, were obtained from paraffin-embedded material. Four groups of samples were used: 24 natural cases of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), 13 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep (ENAS), 19 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of goats (ENAG), and 14 control samples. ENV was detected by single labeling in cortical lymphoid follicles. Six of 24 OPA samples were positive and only in those from sheep with extensive neoplasia. Immunolabeling was detected in 5/13 ENAS and 10/19 ENAG samples. Positive labeling was found either in the intercellular spaces, membranes, or cytoplasm of cells in follicles. Control samples were not correspondingly labeled. Double immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-labeling of ENV and CD21 (B cells and follicular dendritic cells) in all samples, CD14 (macrophage) in OPA samples, and Pax-5 (B cells) in ENAG samples, but not with CD8 or CD4 (T lymphocytes). These results demonstrate the presence of betaretrovirus ENV proteins in nontumor cells in regional lymph nodes in sheep and goats with contagious respiratory tumors.

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Development of real-time PCR-based methods for the detection of enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 in goats

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Occurrence and molecular characterization of betanodaviruses in fish and invertebrates of the Greek territorial waters

Occurrence and molecular characterization of betanodaviruses in fish and invertebrates of the Greek territorial waters

Research Progress on Emerging Viral Pathogens of Small Ruminants in China during the Last Decade

Exogenous Small Ruminant Betaretrovirus Envelope Protein Is Detected in Draining Lymph Nodes in Contagious Respiratory Tumors of Sheep and Goats

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