Development of reactive topical skin protectants against sulfur mustard and nerve agents

Koper, Olga B.; Lucas, Eric A.; Klabunde, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199912)19:1+<s59::aid-jat617>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Simple chemicals containing hydroxyl groups, such as alkalis, act as good nucleophiles and aid in breaking the P-X bond to give phosphoric acid and other non-toxic by products. Oximes (R-CH=N-OH) are also good nucleophilic agents with high selectivity for organophosphorus agents [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, metal oxide nanoparticles, such as MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , ZnO and Fe 2 O 3 , have been reported with high selectivity for OP hydrolysis [8]. It has also been shown that surface area is not the only criterion for shielding from warfare agents, the reactivity is also important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been shown that surface area is not the only criterion for shielding from warfare agents, the reactivity is also important. This was proved by the fact that MgO nanoparticles worked much better than their counterpart activated carbon despite their lower surface area [8]. Despite their good traits, in practice, the synthesis techniques and aggregation problems of metal oxide nanoparticles make it difficult to use them by incorporation into nanofibre based filter media for detoxification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionalized polymer nanofibre membranes for protection from chemical warfare stimulants

et al. 2006

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A catalyst for the detoxification of nerve agents is synthesized from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and o-iodosobenzoic acid (IBA). Functionalized polymer nanofibre membranes from PVC polymer are fabricated with β-CD, IBA, a blend of β-CD+IBA, and the synthesized catalyst. These functionalized nanofibres are then tested for the decontamination of paraoxon, a nerve agent stimulant, and it is observed that the stimulant gets hydrolysed. The kinetics of hydrolysis is investigated using UV spectroscopy. The rates of hydrolysis for different organophosphate hydrolyzing agents are compared. The reactivity and amount of adsorption of these catalysts are of higher capacity than the conventionally used activated charcoal. A new design for protective wear is proposed based on the functionalized nanofibre membrane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionalized polymer nanofibre membranes for protection from chemical warfare stimulants

et al. 2006

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“…Η νανοτεχνολογία και οι εφαρμογές της «δηλητηριάζουν» τη μπαταρία[9]. εμβαδού επιφάνειας, ως καταστρεπτικά προσροφητικά υλικά για την εξουδετέρωση της ραδιενεργούς μόλυνσης των βιοχημικών μέσων πολέμου, έχει αποδειχτεί αρκετά αποτελεσματική και επιτρέπει τη γρήγορη αντιμετώπιση προβλημάτων διοικητικής μέριμνας των στρατιωτικών δυνάμεων[40,41,42]. Η λειτουργία των αισθητήρων ανίχνευσης τοξικών υλικών που διαλύονται στον αέρα και στο νερό είναι επίσης εφικτή, λόγω των μοναδικών ιδιοτήτων προσρόφησης των ενσωματωμένων νανοκρυστάλλων.…”

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Παρασκευή Και Μελέτη Νέων Πολυεστερικών Νανοσύνθετων Υλικών Συσκευασίας

Βασιλείου¹,

Vasileiou²

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The scope of the present study was the development and study of new polymer nanocomposites, which could substitute common polyolefin packaging materials. Three biodegradable aliphatic polyesters were used, specifically poly(e-caprolactone), poly(ethylene succinate) and poly(butylenes succinate), as well as poly(ethylene terepthalate), being a fully recyclable material. For the improvement of mainly their poor mechanical properties and gas permeability new nanocomposites were developed with different fillers, such as fumed silica nanoparticles, montmorillonite and multi-walled nanotubes. Appropriate treatment of the nanofillers was carried out to obtain a better dispersion in the polymer matrix. Nanocomposites with different nanoparticles' concentration were prepared, using two different preparation techniques, in situ and melt mixing, and the subsequent materials were extensively studied. The surface silanol groups of fumed silica and carboxylic groups of the modified carbon nanotubes led to significant interactions between the nanoparticles and the polymers and in many cases covalent bonds were formed. The presence of the nanofillers in the reaction mixture affected the final molecular weight of the polymers in an unpredictable way. The nanoparticles acted as nucleating agents, accelerating the crystallization rate. In contrast, the formation of crosslinks with the filler led to decreased crystallization rates. The crystallization temperature from melt and the Τ g of the polymers were shifted to higher temperatures with the addition of the nanoparticles. The presence of the nanoparticles also led to significant improvements of mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties and gas permeability rates. The enzymatic hydrolysis rates were reduced with the presence of the nanoparticles; however the materials did not lose their biodegradable character. The reaction rates during SSP were accelerated at low nanoparticles' concentration, while at higher a substantial rate reduction was observed. The basic hydrolysis reaction was accelerated by the presence of the nanoparticles.

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Adsorption of sulfur mustard on clean and water-saturated ZnO(101¯0): Structural diversity from first-principles calculations

Klöffel

Kozłowska

Popiel

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Development of reactive topical skin protectants against sulfur mustard and nerve agents

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Functionalized polymer nanofibre membranes for protection from chemical warfare stimulants

Functionalized polymer nanofibre membranes for protection from chemical warfare stimulants

Παρασκευή Και Μελέτη Νέων Πολυεστερικών Νανοσύνθετων Υλικών Συσκευασίας

Adsorption of sulfur mustard on clean and water-saturated ZnO(101¯0): Structural diversity from first-principles calculations

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