Development of raised temperature after osteotomies

Insertion of K-wires by hammer generates less heat: A study of drilling and hammering K-wires into bone

“…He recommended to drill slowly, to remove the tool frequently and plunge it in cold water to cool the tool and prevent the bone from heating (Phillips 1973, Majno 1975. When preparing bone with power tools during operative procedures, high temperatures may arise and cause bone necrosis, (Ludewig 1971, Matthews and Hirsch 1972, Tetsch 1974, Krause et al 1982, Matthews et al 1984, Andersen and Bruun 1989. Since the time when K-wires named after the German surgeon Martin Kirschner (1 879-1942) were introduced, drilling has been used to insert them into the bone.…”

“…Earlier investigations have shown that temperatures high enough to cause bone necrosis may arise when preparing bone with power tools (Tetsch 1974, Matthews and Hirsch 1972, Ludewig 1987, Toksvig-Larsen and Ryd 1989. Eriksson ( 1984) showed that heating to 44-47 "C during 1 minute severely impaired bone formation.…”

Prognosis in periradicular surgery: a clinical prospective study

“…Bone was removed using a high‐speed handpiece with ISO 014 or 018 round bur, using a brush stroke approach and continuous irrigation with water spray ( Tetsch 1974).…”

Surgical repair of root and tooth perforations

“…The use of a coolant during bone cutting is essential, as the absence of an appropriate irrigant can result in temperature increases in excess of those known to impair bone healing (227). Temperatures can rise above 100°C by applying excess pressure during cutting, by burying the bur into the bone, or where little or no irrigant reaches the cutting tip (206).…”