Development of Radiation Hardened By Design (RHBD) of NAND gate to mitigate the effects of single event transients (SET)

Analysis and Comparison of Rad-Hard Ring and LC-Tank Controlled Oscillators in 65 nm for SpaceFibre Applications

“…The model used for SEE simulations and widely accepted by the scientific community [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] is shown in Equation (6), where tinj is the injection instant, ta is the collection time constant of the junction, tb is the ion track establishment time constant, and Q is the critical charge. …”

Diagnosis of Faults Induced by Radiation and Circuit-Level Design Mitigation Techniques: Experience from VCO and High-Speed Driver CMOS ICs Case Studies

“…Although a technology computer-aided design considers all the phenomena produced by ionising particles with the p-n junction interaction, because the parameters strongly depend on the technology [21][22][23], the traditional double exponential law is used in simulation-before-test to model the shape of the transient current by using a double exponential current source in the design for the charge injection [24,25]. However, this model may not accurately represent certain SEEs [26,27], and for better results, this simulation can be performed with a dual double exponential current source, as reported in [28].…”

“…In [36,37], an LC-Tank-based VCO compliant with the SpaceFibre protocol for the space environment is designed. The diagnosis of radiation effects is performed by a simulation-before-test, and the charge injection, due to particle hitting, is implemented with the classical double exponential shape [21][22][23]. For charge injection simulations, two assumptions were made: only one ionising particle hit the circuit at a time, and the probability that two consecutive ionising particles hit the same node is equal to zero.…”

“…Moreover, the impact of the charge injection depends on signal status, thus the test bench should take it into account; once a sensitive node is found, it is necessary to investigate the different effects that an ionising particle has during waveform shape. For the implemented architecture, the most sensitive nodes are the outputs of the oscillator because varactors are directly connected to them [21,22,36,37], as shown in Figure 4. Figures 5 and 6 show the effects generated by a particle strike on the frequency of the most sensitive node of the VCO.…”