Development of Prosocial and Competitive Behaviors in Anglo-American and Mexican-American Children

Knight, George P.; Kagan, Spencer

doi:10.2307/1128497

Cited by 108 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…In their study, 4-year-old children from middle-SES backgrounds shared more of 10 tokens with a sick child than did high-SES children. One candidate underlying mechanism could be that competitiveness is higher in upper- vs. middle-SES children (e.g., Knight and Kagan, 1977; for a similar argument in teenagers, Buunk et al, 2013). Another possibility is that the impact of the child’s social environment on prosocial motivation depends on the context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Deprivation Negatively Impacts Children’s Prosocial Behavior

et al. 2016

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Children show stronger cooperative behavior in experimental settings as they get older, but little is known about how the environment of a child shapes this development. In adults, prosocial behavior toward strangers is markedly decreased in low socio-economic status (SES) neighborhoods, suggesting that environmental harshness has a negative impact on some prosocial behaviors. Similar results have been obtained with 9-year-olds recruited from low vs. high SES schools. In the current study, we investigate whether these findings generalize to a younger age group and a developing country. Specifically, we worked with a sample of thirty-nine 6- to 7-year-olds in two neighborhoods in a single city in Romania. Using a “Quality Dictator Game” that offers greater resolution than previous measures, we find that children living in the harsher neighborhood behave less prosocially toward a stranger than children living in the less harsh neighborhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Deprivation Negatively Impacts Children’s Prosocial Behavior

et al. 2016

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“…Prosocial choice was measured using the Social Behavior Scale (SBS; Knight & Kagen, 1977), which assesses behaviors of altruism and equality versus rivalry and superiority. The measure provides a continuum of four choices that differ in the outcomes they provide and the social motives they satisfy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Goal Involvement on Moral Behavior in an Experimentally Manipulated Competitive Setting

Sage

Kavussanu

2007

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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In this experiment we examined the effects of task and ego involvement on three measures of moral behavior-prosocial choice, observed prosocial behavior, and observed antisocial behavior-in a competitive setting. We also investigated sex differences in moral behavior. Male (n = 48) and female (n = 48) college students were randomly assigned to a task-involving, an ego-involving, or a control condition. Participants played two 10-min games of table soccer and completed measures of prosocial choice, goal involvement, goal orientation, and demographics. The two games were recorded, and frequencies of prosocial and antisocial behavior were coded. Players assigned to the task-involving condition were higher in prosocial choice than those in the ego-involving or control conditions. Individuals in the ego-involving condition displayed more antisocial behaviors than those in the task-involving or control conditions. Finally, females displayed more prosocial behaviors than males.

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“…A substantial body of research has yielded the consistent finding that cooperative (equal) reward distributions occur more often among Mexican-American, Puerto Rican, and other minority children than among Anglo-American children (e.g., Knight and Kagan, 1977a;McClintock, 1974;Nieto, 1979;Knight et al, in press). Such findings support the assumption that Hispanic children prefer equal sharing of rewards and that, therefore, such preference reflects cultural values.…”

Section: Cultural Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, a more urban environment may lead to socialization experiences that foster independence, competitiveness, and more reliance upon social supports that are external to the family. There has been some empirical demonstration of a relation between the social behaviors of children, urbanization level (e.g., Kagan, Knight, Martinez, and Espinoza-Santana, 1981), and socioeconomic status (Knight and Kagan, 1977a). Minority status may lead to considerable variability in socialization experiences simply because the minority child generally has direct contacts with the minority group as well as the dominant Anglo-American group.…”

Section: Cultural Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

?Hispanic? children: Theoretical, empirical, and related policy issues

García

1992

Educ Psychol Rev

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Development of Prosocial and Competitive Behaviors in Anglo-American and Mexican-American Children

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

Neighborhood Deprivation Negatively Impacts Children’s Prosocial Behavior

Neighborhood Deprivation Negatively Impacts Children’s Prosocial Behavior

The Effects of Goal Involvement on Moral Behavior in an Experimentally Manipulated Competitive Setting

?Hispanic? children: Theoretical, empirical, and related policy issues

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