Development of Precursors of C<sub>13</sub>Nor-Isoprenoid Flavorants in Riesling Grapes

Strauss, Christopher R.; Wilson, B.; Anderson, Rachelle; Williams, Patrick J.

doi:10.5344/ajev.1987.38.1.23

Cited by 73 publications

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“…Monoterpenoids are primarily important in the Muscat-type and non-Muscat aromatic-type grape varieties, whereas norisoprenoids, with very low odor perception thresholds, are the main contributors to the floral and fruity scents in the neutral grape varieties and the wines produced from these grapes. (Strauss et al, 1987;Mateo and Jimenez, 2000;Kwasniewski et al, 2010;Robinson et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2016;Yuan and Qian, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016). Norisoprenoids are produced by the cleavage of a group of carotenoids with 40 carbons (C40) in the plastids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study

Sun

He²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Obtaining new grapevine varieties with unique aromas has been a long-standing goal of breeders. Norisoprenoids are of particular interest to wine producers and researchers, as these compounds are responsible for the important varietal aromas in wine, characterized by a complex floral and fruity smell, and are likely present in all grape varieties. However, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and candidate genes genetically controlling the norisoprenoid content in grape berry remain unknown. To this end, in this study, we investigated 13 norisoprenoid traits across two years in an F1 population consisting of 149 individuals from a hybrid of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Muscat Alexandria and V. vinifera L. cv. Christmas Rose. Based on 568,953 SNP markers, genome-wide association analysis revealed that 27 candidate SNP loci belonging to 18 genes were significantly associated with the concentrations of norisoprenoid components in grape berry. Among them, 13 SNPs were confirmed in a grapevine germplasm population comprising 97 varieties, including two non-synonymous mutations SNPs within the VvDXS1 and VvGGPPS genes, respectively in the isoprenoid metabolic pathway. Genotype analysis showed that the grapevine individuals with the heterozygous genotype C/T at chr5:2987350 of VvGGPPS accumulated higher average levels of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and β-cyclocitral than those with the homozygous genotype C/C. Furthermore, VvGGPPS was highly expressed in individuals with high norisoprenoids concentrations. Transient overexpression of VvGGPPS in the leaves of Vitis quinquangularis and tobacco resulted in an increase in norisoprenoid concentrations. These findings indicate the importance of VvGGPPS in the genetic control of norisoprenoids in grape berries, serving as a potential molecular breeding target for aroma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study

Sun

He²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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The aroma of Grenache red wine: hierarchy and nature of its main odorants

Ferreira

Escudero

Cacho

1998

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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A young Grenache red wine from 1995 harvest was continuously extracted with Freon‐11 and the extract cleaned up with aqueous NaHCO3 in order to remove fatty acids. An Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis was carried out with that extract in a Carbowax 20M capillary column with simultaneous MS and olfactometric detections. The AEDA analysis showed that there are 43 flavour active regions in the chromatogram whose aromatic intensities ranged from less than 16 to more than 1000 arbitrary flavour dilution coefficients. To isolate the odorants, the extract was further washed with propylglycol, concentrated, and then fractionated by normal phase HPLC with UV detection at 220 nm in order to obtain 29 fractions. All the fractions were concentrated and analysed in the same HRGC‐MS‐olfactometric system in which the AEDA experiment was performed. The strategy allowed to isolate most of the odorants, and 30 of them, among which were the most important, could be clearly identified. Some others could not be identified but their mass spectra are given. Among the most important odorants there are some well known fermentation esters but, surprisingly, the role played by some minor esters, such as the ethyl esters of isobutyric, isovaleric and 2‐methylbutyric acids, seems to be very important. Equally important could be the role played by some volatile phenols, terpenols, lactones and some nor‐isoprenoids. © 1998 SCI.

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Identification of impact odorants of young red wines made with Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache grape varieties: a comparative study

L�pez

Sáenz-Navajas

Hern�ndez³

et al. 1999

J. Sci. Food Agric.

159

113

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An Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA) has been carried out on three monovarietal young red wines plus a mixture of wines aged one year. The aromograms contain 85 odour‐active regions classified in four categories of intensity. The 11 most powerful odorants, 14 out of the 17 second‐most powerful, and 34 of the rest could be identified using a HPLC prefractionation method and standard HRGC‐MS‐olfactometric techniques. The most active odorants of the monovarietal wines were isoamyl and β‐phenylethyl alcohols, the ethyl esters of butyric, isobutyric, 2‐methyl butyric and hexanoic acids, γ‐nonalactone and eugenol. Some others worth mentioning are ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, hexanol, c‐3‐hexenol, linalool, geraniol, guaiacol, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl dihydrocinnamate, β‐damascenone, δ‐decalactone and wine lactone. Compounds with less aromatic intensity but also present in some of the wines were sotolon, isopropyl‐ and isobutylmethoxypyrazines and 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one. Data show that there are no impact compounds characteristic of only one variety, and that differences between varieties are quantitative rather than qualitative. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

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Development of Precursors of C₁₃Nor-Isoprenoid Flavorants in Riesling Grapes

Cited by 73 publications

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Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study

Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study

The aroma of Grenache red wine: hierarchy and nature of its main odorants

Identification of impact odorants of young red wines made with Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache grape varieties: a comparative study

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Development of Precursors of C13Nor-Isoprenoid Flavorants in Riesling Grapes

Cited by 73 publications

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Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study

Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study

The aroma of Grenache red wine: hierarchy and nature of its main odorants

Identification of impact odorants of young red wines made with Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache grape varieties: a comparative study

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Development of Precursors of C₁₃Nor-Isoprenoid Flavorants in Riesling Grapes