Development of Postural Control in Healthy Children: A Functional Approach

Assaïante, Christine; Mallau, Sophie; Viel, Sébastien; Jover, Marianne; Schmitz, Christina

doi:10.1155/np.2005.109

Cited by 210 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Developing human embryos as well as newborn babies during the first year have a rather limited use of limb proprioception that could be used as a reference frame to possibly recalibrate a vestibular imbalance (Assaiante et al, 2005). In addition, skeletal elements during this period would also be relatively soft and prone to deformations by a constant asymmetric pull of the inserting muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Lambert¹,

Malinvaud²,

Glaunès

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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Human idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by severe deformations of the spine and skeleton. The occurrence of vestibular-related deficits in these patients is well established but it is unclear whether a vestibular pathology is the common cause for the scoliotic syndrome and the gaze/posture deficits or if the latter behavioral deficits are a consequence of the scoliotic deformations. A possible vestibular origin was tested in the frog Xenopus laevis by unilateral removal of the labyrinthine endorgans at larval stages. After metamorphosis into young adult frogs, X-ray images and three-dimensional reconstructed micro-computer tomographic scans of the skeleton showed deformations similar to those of scoliotic patients. The skeletal distortions consisted of a curvature of the spine in the frontal and sagittal plane, a transverse rotation along the body axis and substantial deformations of all vertebrae. In terrestrial vertebrates, the initial postural syndrome after unilateral labyrinthectomy recovers over time and requires body weight-supporting limb proprioceptive information. In an aquatic environment, however, this information is absent. Hence, the lesion-induced asymmetric activity in descending spinal pathways and the resulting asymmetric muscular tonus persists. As a consequence the mostly cartilaginous skeleton of the frog tadpoles progressively deforms. Lack of limb proprioceptive signals in an aquatic environment is thus the element, which links the Xenopus model with human scoliosis because a comparable situation occurs during gestation in utero. A permanently imbalanced activity in descending locomotor/posture control pathways might be the common origin for the observed structural and behavioral deficits in humans as in the different animal models of scoliosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Lambert¹,

Malinvaud²,

Glaunès

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the study was performed on VLBW children of 7 years of age without major neurological disorders. The postural control systems are generally not fully developed before 12 years of age (Assaiante et al 2005), so the properties of postural control in adolescence and adulthood and thus the full extent of deficits experienced after completed development might not be discernible while the development still is ongoing, as is the case in young children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to previous reports, this study aims to investigate postural control later in life when the balance control development should be completed and, therefore, more likely reflect the long-term conditions these ELBW subjects will live under as adult (Assaiante et al 2005). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased postural control in adolescents born with extremely low birth weight

et al. 2015

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The survival rates of infants born preterm with extremely low birth weight (ELBW ≤ 1000 g) have gradually improved over the last decades. However, these infants risk to sustain long-term disorders related to poor neurodevelopment. The objective was to determine whether adolescents born with ELBW have decreased postural control and stability adaptation. Twenty-nine ELBW subjects performed posturography with eyes open and closed under unperturbed and perturbed standing by repeated calf vibration. Their results were compared with twenty-one age-and gender-matched controls born after full-term pregnancy. The ELBW group had significantly decreased stability compared with controls in anteroposterior direction, both during the easier quiet stance posturography (p = 0.007) and during balance perturbations (p = 0.007). The ELBW group had similar stability decrease in lateral direction during balance perturbations (p = 0.013). Statistically, the stability decreases were similar with eyes closed and open, but proportionally larger with eyes open in both directions. Both groups manifested significant adaptation (p ≤ 0.023) to the balance perturbations in anteroposterior direction, though this adaptation process could not compensate for the general stability deficits caused by ELBW on postural control. Hence, adolescent survivors of ELBW commonly suffer long-term deficits in postural control, manifested as use of substantially more recorded energy on performing stability regulating high-frequency movements and declined stability with closed and open eyes both in anteroposterior and lateral direction. The determined relationship between premature birth and long-term functional deficits advocates that interventions should be developed to provide preventive care in neonatal care units and later on in life.

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“…26 These movements enable the child to develop weight shifting, which in turn stimulates righting and equilibrium responses. 26,27 The influence of the gravity on prenatal and postnatal development of motility could be considered as discontinuity from prenatal (low gravity) to postnatal life (high gravity), however, it proves that different environmental conditions significantly influence behavior and development. According to this theory, after birth neonate is exposed to the tyranny of gravity up to the age of three to four months, when antigravity forces of the neonate enable to overcome this developmental obstacle.…”

Section: Influence Of the Gravity On Prenatal And Postnatal Motor Devmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuity from Fetal to Neonatal Behavior: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges

Stanojević¹,

Kurjak²

2011

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Understanding the relation between fetal and infant behavior and developmental processes of the brain in different periods of gestation may make achievable the distinction between normal and abnormal brain development as well as the early diagnosis of various structural or functional abnormalities. As the development of the brain is unique and continuing process throughout the gestation and after birth, it is expected that there is also continuity of fetal and neonatal behavior, which is the best functional indicator of developmental processes of the brain.The aim is to present continuity of the general and other movements from prenatal to postnatal life in fetuses and newborns from lowand high-risk pregnancies.Epidemiological studies revealed that many neurologically impaired infants belong to low-risk population, which means that they seemed to be developmentally normal as fetuses and as infants, while later in childhood neurological disability was diagnosed. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) is the dominant type of CP found in term-born, appropriate-for-gestational-age children with severe impairments who have frequently experienced adverse perinatal events. As neuroprotective methods of treatment are available for some infants, simple screening methods could be helpful to detect impaired fetuses early enough in order to avoid developmental catastrophe. It has been clear from postnatal assessment of Prechtl's neonatal general movements (GMs) that it is a better predictor of neurodevelopmental disability than neurological examination. Introduction of two-dimensional (2D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound enabled introduction of GMs assessment to the prenatal period. Kurjak et al conducted a study by 4D ultrasound and confirmed earlier findings made by 2D ultrasonography, that there is behavioral pattern continuity from prenatal to postnatal life. New antenatal neurological screening test has been introduced by Kurjak et al (KANET), which was postnatally followed by postnatal neurological screening assessment according to Amiel-Tison (ATNAT). Although many fetal behavioral studies have been conducted in low-and high-risk pregnancies and KANET has been recently standardized, it is still questionable whether the assessment of continuity from fetal to neonatal behavior could improve ability for early detection of brain pathology.

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Development of Postural Control in Healthy Children: A Functional Approach

Cited by 210 publications

References 18 publications

Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Decreased postural control in adolescents born with extremely low birth weight

Continuity from Fetal to Neonatal Behavior: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges

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