Development of Pomegranate Extract-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Quality by Design Approach to Screen the Variables Affecting the Quality Attributes and Characterization

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the influence of process variables on the quality attributes of pomegranate extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PE-SLNs) using Plackett–Burman design. PE-SLN formulations were prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultra-sonication technique and evaluated based on the dependent variables that were analyzed utilizing Statgraphics Centurion XV software. The lipid and surfactant (type and concentration), co-surfactant concentration, sonication time, and amplitude were selected as the independent variables ( X 1 – X 7 ). The dependent parameters were particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and cumulative drug release ( Y 1 – Y 5 ). Response surface plots, Pareto charts, and mathematical equations were generated to study the influence of independent variables on the dependent quality parameters. Out of seven variables, X 1 , X 2 , and X 6 have the main significant ( p value < 0.05) effect on the entrapment efficiency, the cumulative drug release, the polydispersity index, respectively, while particle size was mainly affected by X 3 , X 6 and zeta potential by X 1 , X 3 , and X 4 . Consequently, this screening study revealed that stearic acid as lipid, Tween 80 as surfactant, as well as sonication with short time and high amplitude can be selected for the development of PE-SLN formulation with minimum particle size, maximum zeta potential, highest entrapment, and sustained drug release behavior. Meanwhile, concentrations of lipid, surfactant, and co-surfactant are planned to be scaled up for further optimization study. In conclusion, the Plackett–Burman design verified its influence and significance in determining and understanding both process and formulation variables affecting the quality of PE-SLNs.

Evaluation of Biosafety, Antiobesity, and Endothelial Cells Proliferation Potential of Basil Seed Extract Loaded Organic Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

“… Akbarian et al (2016) have found that the biological availability of orally supplemented basil seeds is very tracing in human subjects, which resulted in reduced biological efficiency. Many of the activity-established phyto principles have been rigorously restricted in their development because of their low solubility, diffusion, and bioavailability ( Badawi et al, 2020 ). Identification and oral supplementation of bioactive compounds for mitochondrial stimulation, such as lipolytic potential with the functional stimulation of β-adrenergic receptor followed by the activation of AMPK and CREBp-1, became very challenging because its low intracellular uptake ends with low biological availability and loss of efficiency.…”

“…The bioactive compound across the cellular lipid bilayer without covalent modification or conformational change may provide maximum efficiency and deserve their application in obesity treatment. In the modern approach, the applications of SLNp as a carrier in facilitating the effective diffusion through the cell membrane increased the bioavailability of active ingredients such as silymarin, berberine, triptolide, metformin, and pomegranate extract for antiobesity and anti-inflammatory treatment, which is most successful ( Xue et al, 2015 ; Mohseni et al, 2019 ; Badawi et al, 2020 ). We have selected chia seed phospholipid as the encapsulating material because of its recommended ratio of omega 3 and omega 6 with lipolytic potential ( Pandurangan et al, 2020 ).…”

Clinical comparative study of optimized metronidazole loaded lipid nanocarrier vaginal emulgel for management of bacterial vaginosis and its recurrence

“…The stability of nanoparticles is commonly indicated by ZP which is employed to measure the nanoparticles’ charge (Badawi et al., 2020 ). ZP of the developed formulations ranged from −25.0 to −32.1 mV ( Table 2 ).…”

“…ZP of the developed formulations ranged from −25.0 to −32.1 mV ( Table 2 ). The prepared formulations exhibited negative zeta potential due to the occurrence of terminal carboxylic groups in the lipids (Badawi et al., 2020 ). It is worth stating that there was a small difference in ZP values, but the variation was not significant.…”

Innovative Delivery Systems Loaded with Plant Bioactive Ingredients: Formulation Approaches and Applications

“…A variety of essential oils has also been encapsulated in SLNs [ 147 ]. In particular, SLNs loaded with Z. multiflora essential oil have been prepared [ 148 ].…”