Development of polymer–ceramic composites for improved fire resistance

Hanu, Laura Georgeta; Simon, George P; Mansouri, Jaleh; Burford, R. P.; Cheng, Yi‐Bing

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.104

Cited by 86 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The additional incorporation of specified inorganic fluxing agents, mainly in the form of borates, on account of their low melting point, results in lowering the temperature of the formation of filler-silica eutectic phase, which advantageously influence the process of ceramization and consequently a reduction in the flammability of elastomeric composites (Table 2; Figs. 5-7) [32,33]. Boric acid and borates form a protective glassy layer at a temperature of 325°C that then begins to melt already at a temperature of 500°C initiating the formation of eutectic phase [34,35].…”

Section: Flammability Of Silicone Rubber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cenospheric fillers on the flammability and fire hazard of silicone rubber composites

Rybiński

Żukowski

Bradło

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This paper presents the results of testing the flammability of silicone rubber composites containing fillers, such as cenospheres, cenospheres covered with iron, attapulgite, wollastonite, aluminum hydroxide and silica. In order to increase the insulating character of boundary layer, boron trioxide was incorporated into the composites of silicone rubber as a ceramization additive. The flammability of the composites was tested with the use of a cone calorimeter. The composition of the gaseous products of thermal decomposition was determined quantitatively and qualitatively in the system with intensive stirring in the fluidal bed, under isothermal conditions at temperatures T = 550, 650 and 750°C. All the test results show that the fillers used, especially with ceramization additives considerably reduce the fire hazard of silicone rubber composites containing these fillers.

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Section: Flammability Of Silicone Rubber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cenospheric fillers on the flammability and fire hazard of silicone rubber composites

Rybiński

Żukowski

Bradło

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Examples of the latter include materials inserted for E.M.I. shielding [4], ceramics layers for fire applications [5], or thin electrical components for a variety of purposes [6]. It will be a generalized form of the latter that will be the focus of this paper.…”

Section: Multifunctional Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and validation of resin flow during manufacturing of composite panels containing embedded impermeable inserts with the VARTM process

et al. 2007

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Modern composite materials are becoming more and more advanced as engineers are better able to take advantage of their properties. In addition to their lighter weight and net-shape manufacturing, current interest is to make these materials multifunctional. This may require one to insert various objects into the composite to achieve a variety of different goals. It is important to understand how these embedded objects will affect both the manufacturing and the structural integrity of the component. In this work, the effects of impermeable embedded inserts on the infusion stage of vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) will be explored. In VARTM, one places a distribution media on top of the preform to aid the filling as the resin will first fill the face of the preform in contact with the distribution media and will then infuse the preform in the thickness direction. However, if one has an embedded impermeable insert in the thickness direction, it will obstruct the flow in the region below the embedded object. Several case studies are conducted to understand the effect of the geometry and placement of the embedded insert and the distribution media lay out and properties on the impregnation of the resin into the fiber preform. Finally, an approach is outlined to modify the layout of the distribution media in order to ensure a complete saturation of the preform under all but the most extreme conditions. The approach is validated with experiments. POLYM. COMPOS., 28: 442-450, 2007.

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“…It also creates a barrier to heat propagation so as to protect copper wire from melting. Ceramization effect is based on sticking mineral particles dispersed in polymer matrix together in different processes, generally in the presence of fluxing agent [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Even without the addition of inorganic filler of relatively low softening point temperature (fluxing agent like glass oxide frits), the effect of fire char formation can be observed, but its durability and shape preservation leave much to be desired, especially when ceramization occurs at quite low temperature (550-800°C) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of surface-modified montmorillonites on properties of silicone rubber-based ceramizable composites

Anyszka

Bieliński

Pędzich

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Ceramizable (ceramifiable) silicone rubberbased composites are modern elastomeric materials for fire protection application. The most important sector of economy using such materials is cable industry because there are special types of electric circuits that have to keep working in the case of fire. These kinds of composites can create ceramic phase protecting copper wire from melting under high temperature. When temperature increases, polymer matrix degrades (creating silica residue as one of the products) and mineral particles dispersed in silicone rubber matrix stick together creating stiff, durable, insulating and porous ceramic skin. In this paper, the influence of surface modification of montmorillonite with quaternary ammonium salts on ceramization of their silicone rubber composites is presented. Filler modification was studied, determining changes to its surface energy and thermal stability. Mechanical properties, flammability and thermal stability of composites were determined. Ceramization of the composites was discussed from the point of view of their mechanical properties and structure of ceramic phase after heat treatment, determined by compression stress tests, porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy adequately. Results show that type of modifier applied strongly affects properties of silicone rubber-based ceramizable composites before and after ceramization. Samples containing surface-modified montmorillonite produce significantly less heat during their thermal decomposition than composite filled with unmodified montmorillonite. Moreover, incorporation of montmorillonite modified with ammonium salt of linear organic chain causes the creation of nano-porous structure after ceramization. On the one hand, it facilitates heat insulation, but on the other hand, high total volume of pores adversely affects mechanical endurance of the ceramic phase.

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Development of polymer–ceramic composites for improved fire resistance

Cited by 86 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of cenospheric fillers on the flammability and fire hazard of silicone rubber composites

Effect of cenospheric fillers on the flammability and fire hazard of silicone rubber composites

Simulation and validation of resin flow during manufacturing of composite panels containing embedded impermeable inserts with the VARTM process

Influence of surface-modified montmorillonites on properties of silicone rubber-based ceramizable composites

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