Development of PN emission factors for the real world urban driving conditions of a hybrid city bus

Soylu, Seref

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.001

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Constraints (3) are the flow conservation constraints. Constraints (4) and (5) require that each vehicle begin and end its operation at its base depot. Constraints (6) ensure the vehicle battery energy consistency of two successive trips.…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major concern for operating e-buses in the public transportation system is their limited battery capacity [4]. Most of the diesel buses have a maximum driving range of larger than 300 km under urban driving conditions [5]; while, the driving range of the e-buses currently available in the market varies from 100 to over 300 km, depending on their battery capacity and driving condition. For example, an e-bus with 350 kWh of battery capacity can cover a range between 190 and 210 km, depending on the local driving conditions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Depot Electric Bus Scheduling Considering Operational Constraint and Partial Charging: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

Jiang

Zhang

2021

Sustainability

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Electric buses (e-buses) demonstrate great potential in improving urban air quality thanks to zero tailpipe emissions and thus being increasingly introduced to the public transportation systems. In the transit operation planning, a common requirement is that long-distance non-service travel of the buses among bus terminals should be avoided in the schedule as it is not cost-effective. In addition, e-buses should begin and end a day of operation at their base depots. Based on the unique route configurations in Shenzhen, the above two requirements add further constraint to the form of feasible schedules and make the e-bus scheduling problem more difficult. We call these two requirements the vehicle relocation constraint. This paper addresses a multi-depot e-bus scheduling problem considering the vehicle relocation constraint and partial charging. A mixed integer programming model is formulated with the aim to minimize the operational cost. A Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) heuristic is devised with novel destroy-and-repair operators to tackle the vehicle relocation constraint. Numerical experiments are conducted based on multi-route operation cases in Shenzhen to verify the model and effectiveness of the LNS heuristic. A few insights are derived on the decision of battery capacity, charging rate and deployment of the charging infrastructure.

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Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%