Development of Palladium, Gold and Gold-Palladium Containing Metal-Carbon Nanoreactors: Hydrogen Adsorption

Abstract

Metal-carbon nanoreactors (MCNRs) were prepared from a pristine carbon cage (CC) using a simple and efficient template method with nano silica ball (NSB), pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) and transition metals, such as palladium and gold. Metal nanoparticles were embedded in approximately 25 and 170 nm sized, highly ordered carbon cages. The newly developed Pd, Au and Au-Pd doped carbon nanoreactors were characterized by microanalysis, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The ordered MCNRs have exhibited dynamic hydrogen adsorption capability compared to the carbon cage.

Palladium, Gold, and Gold–Palladium Nanoparticle-Supported Carbon Materials for Cyclohexane Oxidation

“…Moreover, tiny decrease in BET surface area (from 75 to 63 m 2 /g), pore volume (from 0.108 to 0.092 cm 3 /g) and small increment in pore diameter (from 57 to 58 Å) in CGC-25 as a result of palladium incorporation were observed. This supports the suggestion phenomenon of filling the internal pores of the CGC-25 with palladium in CGPC-25 (Mayani et al 2014). …”

“…Moreover, tiny increment in BET surface area (from 184 to 218 m 2 /g), pore volume (from 0.737 to 0.786 cm 3 /g) and small decrease in pore diameter (from 160 to 144 Å) were observed upon palladium incorporation in CGC-170 indicates that the internal pores of the CGC-170 are occupied by the palladium particles (CGPC-170) (Mayani et al 2014).…”

“…The wide-angle PXRD profile of CC-25 showed ( Figure 2A) two peaks, with lower intensity corresponding to graphite-type reflection from the (002) and (100) (220) and (311) respectively, denoting the formation of noble gold particles with a face centered cubic structure (Mayani et al, 2014). In contrast, CGPC-25 showed merged XRD peaks at 2θ =38.5°, 39.2°, 44.8°, 45.6° 64.8°, 66.3°, and 78.2°, which corresponded to the reflections of Pd-Au plans.…”

“…Figure 6 shows the typical isotherms of CC, CPC, CGC and CGPC (25 and 170 nm). The N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms showed type IV, indicating the presence of an ordered structure of a carbon cage (Mayani et al, 2014).…”

“…PFO based pitch possesses excellent graphitizable properties, high carbon yield, individual structure, thermoplastic nature, and no ash. This material is suitable candidate for the development of template based carbon structure (Mochida et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2009;Asenjo et al, 2011 (Hrapovic et al, 2004;Mayani et al, 2013;Mayani et al, 2014). Recently, Carabineiro et al (2013) reported that gold nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes achieved a combined yield of 3.6 % from cyclohexane oxidation after 6 h reaction time.…”