Development of oxygen meters for the use in lead–bismuth

Konys, J.; Muscher, H.; Voß, Z.; Wedemeyer, Olaf

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(01)00531-1

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The advantage of the former method is easiness of preparing the reliable working electrode with the correct oxygen concentration in gas in case of employing a ceramic vessel. The latter method has been often employed as a calibration test in LBE (Konys et al, 2001;Courouau et al, 2002b). An electrometer with high impedence of 10 14  was used for measurement of the EMF both in gas and in LBE.…”

Section: Electromotive Force Measurement Using Oxygen Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Konys et al (Konys et al, 2001(Konys et al, , 2004 and Schroer et al (Schroer et al, 2011) showed that YSZ sensors using a Pt/air reference electrode and a Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode were promising in LBE as a result of tests of sensors using Pt/air, Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 and Mo/In-In 2 O 3 reference electrodes. Furthermore, it was reported that the Pt/air reference electrode sensor exhibited better reliability and longer lifetime than the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode (Konys et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calibration was also conducted for the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode sensors manufactured at the laboratory scale (Courouau et al, 2002b). The calibration method firstly proposed by Konys et al (Konys et al, 2001) is based on measurement of electromotive force (EMF) of the oxygen sensor following temperature variation under the condition close to oxygen saturation in LBE. Calibration methods using Co/CoO or Fe/Fe-oxide equilibrium in liquid LBE besides Pb/PbO equilibrium (oxygensaturated condition) were also attempted (Schroer et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The YSZ sensors with the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode have been manufactured and used by other researchers (Li, 2002;Kondo et al, 2006;Num et al, 2008). Although sensors with the Mo/In-In 2 O 3 reference electrode have been also developed, the temperature range where measured EMF values agree with theoretical values in the calibration test is very narrow (Konys et al, 2001;Courouau, 2004;Fernandez et al, 2002;Colominas et al, 2004). Furthermore, experience has been reported on use of Russian sensor with the Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference and sensors with the InIn 2 O 3 reference in liquid Pb-Bi or liquid Pb (Foletti et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, experience has been reported on use of Russian sensor with the Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference and sensors with the InIn 2 O 3 reference in liquid Pb-Bi or liquid Pb (Foletti et al, 2008). The following two problems have been pointed out in case of using the oxygen sensor with the Mo/metal-metal oxide reference electrode: this type of sensor often exhibits time drift that EMF values change with increase in service time (OECD/NEA Handbool, 2007) and measured EMF values disagree with the theoretical ones (Konys et al, 2001;Colominas et al, 2004). We have also tested YSZ sensors using Pt/air reference and Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrodes in LBE.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Section: Electromotive Force Measurement Using Oxygen Sensorsmentioning

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Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

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2009

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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Potentiometric Sensors for High Temperature Liquids

Fouletier

Ghetta

2008

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics

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Development of oxygen meters for the use in lead–bismuth

Cited by 58 publications

References 4 publications

Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys

Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Potentiometric Sensors for High Temperature Liquids

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