Development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model by high-fat diet in rats

Abstract

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is indicated by liver steatosis without excessive alcohol use or other liver disease. Several studies have reported that metabolic syndromes such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia have a linear correlation associated with NAFLD pathophysiology. One of the characteristics of dyslipidemia in NAFLD is increase in serum triglycerides. This study aimed to develop a model of NAFLD characterized by an increase in serum triglyceride levels and histological profile of liver steatosis by high-fat diet in rats. Methods Twelve Wistar rats were fed with pellets enriched with 60% fat. They were housed individually, and the remaining pellets were weighted every day for intake evaluation. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and at the end of each trial period at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 for the measurement of triglyceride levels. Every animal from each group was also sacrificed for liver histopathological examination. Results This study has established developing the NAFLD animal model by induction of a high-fat diet. The levels of serum triglycerides were increased from baseline 80.41 ± 12.82 to 1152.00 ± 73.62, 493.66 ± 159.98, 556.00 ± 120.79, and 489.00 ± 156.75 mg/dL at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. Liver histology also showed liver steatosis development, inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning, which were associated with the NAFLD state. Conclusions High-fat diet in rats induced hypertriglyceridemia along with NAFLD-like liver histopathology.

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“…In a rat model of NAFLD, the highest TG level was seen in the 1 st week and then decreased, and this was explained by the decreased food intake in the following weeks. 12 In the present study, while the amount of food intake consumed throughout the experiment was constant, there was no correlation between TG level and NAFLD.…”

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“…It occurs in up to one-third of the general population[ 14 ], and in up to 80% of patients with MS[ 15 ]. Risk factors predisposing to NAFLD include older age (> 50 years), hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and central obesity[ 13 , 16 ]. Liver steatosis is considered to be one of the earliest signs of MS[ 17 ], and early diagnosis and management are warranted to prevent the occurrence of irreversible histopathologic changes of the liver parenchyma[ 15 ], which can lead to NASH, cirrhosis, and HCC[ 12 , 14 ].…”

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“…A more concerning issue is when bacteria that are typically sensitive to antibiotics develop resistance due to genetic alterations. Antibiotics were discovered more than 75 years ago and have been used by health practitioners as preventive treatment and therapy for suspected microbial infections [6,7]. However, gradually many microbes have developed resistance against some antibiotics [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”