Development of non-precious metal oxygen-reduction catalysts for PEM fuel cells based on N-doped ordered porous carbon

Liu, Gang; Li, Xuguang; Ganesan, P.; Popov, Branko N.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.09.025

Cited by 395 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is known that the pyridinic and quaternary nitrogens on the carbon matrix enhance chemisorption of O 2 , and that they weaken the O−O bond. 24,25 These two functional groups increase the electron-donating ability of nitrogencontaining carbon-based catalysts. 24,25 Transition metals like Fe can stabilize the incorporation of nitrogen within the carbon matrix and facilitate the disproportionation of H 2 O 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…24,25 These two functional groups increase the electron-donating ability of nitrogencontaining carbon-based catalysts. 24,25 Transition metals like Fe can stabilize the incorporation of nitrogen within the carbon matrix and facilitate the disproportionation of H 2 O 2 . 24,26 Therefore, it was suggested that the increased catalytic activity of the FeEDTA-AC cathodes with a FeEDTA loading of 0.2 (FeEDTA-AC_0.2) resulted from the pyridinic nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, and iron species on the carbon matrix.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…24,25 Transition metals like Fe can stabilize the incorporation of nitrogen within the carbon matrix and facilitate the disproportionation of H 2 O 2 . 24,26 Therefore, it was suggested that the increased catalytic activity of the FeEDTA-AC cathodes with a FeEDTA loading of 0.2 (FeEDTA-AC_0.2) resulted from the pyridinic nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, and iron species on the carbon matrix. AC modified with the highest loading of FeEDTA (FeEDTA-AC_2) had the highest amount of N, but it did not produce high power in MFC tests, probably because of its lower surface area than other AC samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Use of Pyrolyzed Iron Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Modified Activated Carbon as Air–Cathode Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Activated carbon (AC) is a cost-effective catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs). To enhance the catalytic activity of AC cathodes, AC powders were pyrolyzed with iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeEDTA) at a weight ratio of FeEDTA:AC = 0.2:1. MFCs with FeEDTA modified AC cathodes and a stainless steel mesh current collector produced a maximum power density of 1580 ± 80 mW/m 2 , which was 10% higher than that of plain AC cathodes (1440 ± 60 mW/m 2 ) and comparable to Pt cathodes (1550 ± 10 mW/m 2 ). Further increases in the ratio of FeEDTA:AC resulted in a decrease in performance. The durability of AC-based cathodes was much better than Pt-catalyzed cathodes. After 4.5 months of operation, the maximum power density of Pt cathode MFCs was 50% lower than MFCs with the AC cathodes. Pyridinic nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen and iron species likely contributed to the increased activity of FeEDTA modified AC. These results show that pyrolyzing AC with FeEDTA is a cost-effective and durable way to increase the catalytic activity of AC.

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confidence: 99%

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Use of Pyrolyzed Iron Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Modified Activated Carbon as Air–Cathode Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Therefore, research into non-precious metals or even metal-free catalysts with high ORR activity and durability is absolutely crucial for the development of fuel cells. Currently, it is widely accepted that nitrogen-containing carbon including macrocycle molecules [6][7][8], polymers [4,9] and nanomaterials [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] are a type of important building block for the preparation of Pt-substituted catalysts.Iron-or cobalt-doped carbon-nitrogen (CN x ) compounds have comparable activity to Pt/C catalysts in acidic systems [4,7,9,20]. Polypyrrole modified carbon-supported cobalt hydroxide can act as cathode and anode catalysts in direct borohydride fuel cells [21,22].…”

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Carbon-nitrogen/graphene composite as metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Zhang

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Sheet-like carbon-nitrogen (CN x )/graphene composites with a high content of nitrogen (x  0.15) was prepared by the carbonization of polypyrrole (PPy)/reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) composite at 600-800°C. We used rGO instead of graphene oxide (GO) sheets as a template and a substrate to immobilize PPy since the PPy/GO composite agglomerates easily because of the dehydration of excess oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheets during the drying process. The dried PPy/rGO intermediate and its derived CN x /graphene products retain their high dispersion and loose-powder features. The as-prepared CN x /graphene composites have a total nitrogen content of about 10 at% and their nitrogen state is mainly of pyridinic and graphitic type. CN x /graphene composites exhibit excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of electrocatalytic activity, stability and immunity towards methanol crossover and CO poisoning, suggesting their potential as metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR. Low temperature fuel cells are a high-efficiency and environment-friendly energy supply for future transport and portable applications [1,2]. However, despite the great efforts worldwide over the past few decades their wide application in daily life is still a challenge because of the scare resources, high cost and durability issues for the current commercial Pt/C catalysts, especially for cathodes where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is kinetically slow [3][4][5]. Therefore, research into non-precious metals or even metal-free catalysts with high ORR activity and durability is absolutely crucial for the development of fuel cells. Currently, it is widely accepted that nitrogen-containing carbon including macrocycle molecules [6][7][8], polymers [4,9] and nanomaterials [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] are a type of important building block for the preparation of Pt-substituted catalysts.Iron-or cobalt-doped carbon-nitrogen (CN x ) compounds have comparable activity to Pt/C catalysts in acidic systems [4,7,9,20]. Polypyrrole modified carbon-supported cobalt hydroxide can act as cathode and anode catalysts in direct borohydride fuel cells [21,22]. Recent promising results involving metal-free PEDOT [5] and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) [14][15][16][17][18][19] have been reported for alkaline systems giving excellent electrocatalytic activity, stability and immunity towards methanol crossover and CO poisoning. Particularly, NCNTs have attracted extensive interest because of their large surface area, good thermal and chemical stability as well as high electrical conductivity [14][15][16][17][18][19]. It has been revealed that increasing the nitrogen content and the number of defects in NCNT enhances its electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR [11,16]. In addition to one-dimensional CNTs, the emergence of graphene has opened up a new field in terms of research into two-dimensional (2D)

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Carbon‐based Catalysts for Sustainable Chemical Processes

Eblagon,

Rocha,

Pereira

et al. 2024

Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment

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Development of non-precious metal oxygen-reduction catalysts for PEM fuel cells based on N-doped ordered porous carbon

Cited by 395 publications

References 47 publications

Use of Pyrolyzed Iron Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Modified Activated Carbon as Air–Cathode Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells

Use of Pyrolyzed Iron Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Modified Activated Carbon as Air–Cathode Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells

Carbon-nitrogen/graphene composite as metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Carbon‐based Catalysts for Sustainable Chemical Processes

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