Development of new low nickel, cobalt free maraging steel

Tharian, K. Thomas; Sivakumar, D.; Ganesan, R.; Balakrishnan, Prabu; Sinha, P. P.

doi:10.1179/mst.1991.7.12.1082

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore, the results of Figure 4d demonstrate that there also exist some stacking faults in the EPS sample. It is worth noting that some layered retained austenite is also detected in EPS sample (Figure 4a,c), and the crystal orientation between retained austenite and martensite is the K-S relationship [33]: (011)α//(111)γ, [-100]α// [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]γ. whereas in the TS sample, almost no retained austenite can be distinguished.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysis and Property Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the aging process, some inter-metallic compounds, such as Ni 3 Ti and Ni 3 Mo with hexagonal crystal structure will be formed, which will lead to the increment in strength [5]. In order to further enhance the strengthening effect, the element cobalt is added to maraging steel for the dynamic interaction between cobalt and molybdenum elements, i.e., the prior positions of molybdenum atoms will be occupied by cobalt atoms so that the precipitation of Ni 3 Mo compounds will be promoted [6]. However, accompanied with the gradually increased price and decreased resource reserve, cobalt is becoming a strategic resource around the global, and under this background, cobalt-free maraging steels are proposed [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of New Cobalt-Free Maraging Steel with Superior Mechanical Properties via Electro-Pulsing Technology

Pan

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Metals

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The ductility of cobalt-free maraging steel is unsatisfactory because of the high content of Ti. Traditional heat treatment can not effectively improve the ductility of this kind steel. In this contribution, high-energy electro-pulsing is adopted in a T250 steel to solve this problem efficiently. It is found that the EPS treatment (electro-pulsing treatment under water-cooling condition) can accelerate the formation of retained austenite and nano stacking faults. Meanwhile, the microstructure is also refined by EPS treatment. Then, taking the EPS sample as the initial state, nano-reverted austenite combined with finer η-Ni3Ti precipitates are formed during EPA treatment (electro-pulsing treatment under air-cooling condition), compared with TA (traditional aging) treatment. The results of mechanical properties indicate that the strength and elongation are both enhanced by electro-pulsing treatment. Consequently, the electro-pulsing treatment can be a promising technology to devise cobalt-free maraging steel with better properties.

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Section: Microstructural Analysis and Property Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of New Cobalt-Free Maraging Steel with Superior Mechanical Properties via Electro-Pulsing Technology

Pan

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…Kim and Lee et al [10] developed cobalt-free maraging steel W-250 with tungsten (W) replacing Mo as the strengthening element, and the precipitates formed were Ni 3 W and η-Ni 3 Ti. Tharian and Sinha [11] developed a low-Ni and low-Cr Co-free maraging steel, significantly reducing the production cost. Ren et al [12] previously developed copper-containing maraging alloys, while He et al [13] designed cobalt-free maraging steel with properties similar to T300, exhibiting a strength of 2080 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Chemical compositions and mechanical properties of maraging steels [10,11,[13][14][15][16]. For maraging steel, the precipitation behavior of precipitates greatly affects the strength of steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aging Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of 2.2 GPa Tungsten-Containing Maraging Steel

Han

Liu

et al. 2023

Materials

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Maraging steel is a prominent category of ultrahigh-strength steel (UHSS) characterized by excellent comprehensive properties, and it finds wide applications in manufacturing load-bearing structural components. In this study, a novel tungsten-containing maraging steel, C-250W, was designed. The effects of aging treatments on the mechanical properties, microstructure, precipitations, and reverted austenite of C-250W steel were investigated. The results revealed that the optimal combination of strength and toughness could be achieved through an aging treatment of C-250W steel carried out for 5 h at 480 °C after solution treatment at 1000 °C for 1 h. As the aging temperature increased, the proportion of dimples in the impact fracture gradually decreased while that of quasi-cleavage increased, leading to a reduction in Charpy impact energy. The boundary of martensitic lath decomposed gradually as the aging temperature increased, and it disappeared entirely at temperatures higher than 550 °C. Moreover, the aging process resulted in the formation of phases, including spherical Fe2M (M represents Mo, W) and thin strip-shaped Ni3N (N represents Mo, Ti) precipitates. These precipitates coarsened from 5 nm to 50–200 nm with increasing aging temperature. Additionally, the content of reverted austenite increased with the aging temperature. Within the temperature range of 400 °C to 500 °C for aging treatment, the content of film-shaped reverted austenite was approximately 3%, primarily distributed at the boundary of martensite lath. When the aging temperature exceeded 550 °C, the content of reverted austenite reached 20.2%, and its morphology changed from film-shaped to block-shaped, resulting in a decline in strength and toughness.

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Effects of solution treatment temperatures on microstructure, tensile and fracture properties of Co‐free 18 Ni maraging steel

et al. 1994

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The study presents the influences of solution treatment temperatures (S.T.T.) on microstructure, tensile and fracture properties of 18 Ni cobalt free maraging steel. The results are thoroughly discussed in light of the prevailing microstructural conditions as revealed by optical and transmission electron microscopy, and detailed scanning electron fractography. It is found that tensile strength in both unaged and aged conditions is independent of solutioning temperature and, consequently, grain size. However, the tensile ductility, CVN and Kie in aged condition get severely affected with the increase in S.T.T. because of a change occurring in the martensitic lath morphology from blocky to stringer type. This transition in the martensitic morphology starts at the prior austenitic grain size of 35-40 µm and is completed at 120-130µm. Solutioning at 1323 K followed by air cooling, however, results in thermal embrittlement of the steel due to grain boundary precipitation of TiCN. The prior austenitic grain size in this reaction plays only an indirect role. Based on these results, it has been suggested that the existing controversies on the effect of S.T.T. grain size on tensile ductility and fracture behaviour of maraging steels can be rationalized if the changes in martensitic lath morphology are considered as an important variable. EinfluB der Temperaturen beim LosungsglOhen auf Mikrostruktur und Festigkeitseigenschaften eines martensitaushartenden Stahls. Die vorliegende Studie berichtet Ober den EinfluB der LosungsglOhtemperaturen auf Mikrostruktur und Festigkeitseigenschaften eines martensitaushartenden, Co-freien Stahls mit 18 % Ni. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die vorherrschenden Mikrostrukturbedingungen diskutiert, wie sie Lichtmikroskopie, TEM und detaillierte Bruchuntersuchungen mit REM widergeben. Es zeigt sich, daB die Zugfestigkeit -unabhangig von einer Alterungsbehandlung -nicht von der LosungsglOhtemperatur -und folglich der KorngroBe -abhangt. Dagegen wird die Zahigkeit der gealterten Probe von steigenden Temperaturen deutlich beeinfluBt. Der Grund hierfOr liegt in einer Veranderung der Morphologie der Martensitlatten von Blockzu Zeilenanordnung. Dieser Wandel beginnt bei einer KorngroBe des ehemaligen Austenits von 35-40 µm und endet bei 120-130 µm. LosungsglOhen bei 1323 K mit nachfolgender LuftabkOhlung !Ohrt zu thermischer Versprodung des Stahls aufgrund der Korngrenzenausscheidung von TiCN. Die KorngroBe des ehemaligen Austenits spiel! in diesem Zusammenhang nur eine indirekte Rolle. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen konnen die bestehenden Kontroversen hinsichtlich des Einflusses der KorngroBe nach einer LosungsglOhbehandlung auf Zahigkeit und Bruchverhalten martensitaushartender Stahle nur dann vernOnfig erklart werden, wenn die Veranderung der Martensitlattenmorphologie als eine wichtige Variable angesehen wird.

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Development of new low nickel, cobalt free maraging steel

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Development of New Cobalt-Free Maraging Steel with Superior Mechanical Properties via Electro-Pulsing Technology

Development of New Cobalt-Free Maraging Steel with Superior Mechanical Properties via Electro-Pulsing Technology

Effect of Aging Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of 2.2 GPa Tungsten-Containing Maraging Steel

Effects of solution treatment temperatures on microstructure, tensile and fracture properties of Co‐free 18 Ni maraging steel

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